三峡水库排沙比对来水来沙的响应

发布时间：2018-11-11 08:08

【摘要】：排沙比是水库拦截泥沙程度的指标之一。排沙比越大,水库淤积强度就越小;反之亦然。以三峡水库2004-2012年库区各水文站的实测资料为依据,通过对三峡水库运行以来水库排沙比及其影响因素的分析,发现坝前水位和入库、出库流量是影响水库排沙比大小的主要因素,其次是入库沙量和泥沙颗粒大小。进一步分析得出排沙比对月均库水位变化的敏感度随月均入库流量的增加而迅速增加,当月均入库流量小于15 000 m3/s时,月均库水位变化对排沙比几乎没有影响。当月均入库流量大于20 000 m3/s时,水库排沙比的变化幅度随月均库水位的变化较大,当月均库水位从138 m增加到155 m时,其排沙比约从62%降低至不到10%。为了提高水库排沙比,在水库调度上建议采用"大水低位、小水高位"的运行方式。
[Abstract]:The sediment discharge ratio is one of the indexes of the sediment interception degree of the reservoir. The greater the sediment discharge ratio, the smaller the siltation intensity of the reservoir, and vice versa. Based on the measured data of hydrological stations in the three Gorges Reservoir from 2004 to 2012, through the analysis of the sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir since the operation of the three Gorges Reservoir and its influencing factors, it is found that the water level in front of the dam and its entry into the reservoir are found. The discharge rate is the main factor affecting the sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir, followed by the amount of sediment entering the reservoir and the size of sediment particles. Further analysis shows that the sensitivity of the monthly average reservoir water level change increases rapidly with the increase of the monthly average inflow flow. When the monthly average inflow flow is less than 15 000 m3 / s, the monthly average water level change has little effect on the sediment discharge ratio. When the average inflow volume of the reservoir is more than 20 000 m3 / s, the variation of sediment discharge ratio is larger with the monthly average reservoir water level. When the average reservoir water level increases from 138 m to 155 m, the sediment discharge ratio decreases from 62% to less than 10%. In order to improve sediment discharge ratio of reservoir, it is suggested to adopt the operation mode of "big water low level, small water high level" in reservoir operation.
【作者单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院;流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室;
【基金】：中国水科院“十三五”基础理论研究项目(SE0145B362016) 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自由探索课题(2016TS07) 水利部科技示范项目(SF-201610)
【分类号】：TV145

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