基于Ilizarov技术的足踝系统骨外固定器的设计与分析

发布时间：2018-05-26 00:28

本文选题：生物力学 + Ilizarov技术　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：足踝部畸形不仅严重破坏了足的正常功能,影响患者的日常生活,同时也给患者带来了巨大的精神创伤。医学研究中,足外科属于新兴的外科分支,并且目前足踝外科在许多方面还有待发展。自从90年代引入Ilizarov矫形技术,足踝部畸形的矫正有了跨越性的发展。然而,目前国内应用Ilizarov技术进行足踝部畸形的矫正还停留在90年代的技术水平上,并未对其进行发展与创新。本文针对人体足踝部的解剖学生理特点,以CT断层图片为数据来源,获得了足踝部位的骨骼三维模型。并且,研究了截骨术后骨骼在应力刺激下的重建规律和生物力学特征。针对足踝部矢状面畸形,将并联机构应用于骨外固定器的设计中,实现足踝部骨科正畸。根据临床应用Ilizarov骨外固定器的反馈,本文对所设计的骨外固定器进行了运动学以及奇异性研究。并且,本文深入研究了矫形外科截骨术原则,给出矫正足踝部矢状面成角畸形以及移位畸形的奇异规避策略,为临床使用所设计的骨外固定器提供理论指导。最后,利用ADAMS仿真,验证了所设计的并联机构骨外固定器的运动特性。本课题研究对于足踝部骨科正畸主要有两个突出贡献。首先,在研究过程中创新性地将Wolff定律与Ilizarov技术进行结合,提出了截骨术后在骨外固定器过程中,骨骼重建的算法。该算法不仅考虑了骨骼材料特点,骨骼生物力学特点和骨外固定器的结构特点,而且考虑了骨骼在重建过程中的“死区”对骨骼重建的影响。另外,本文应用旋量理论进行骨外固定器的设计,将矫形外科原则与机械工程进行结合,提出了使用外固定器进行足踝部畸形矫正过程的奇异规避算法,得到了最佳无奇异使用工作空间。
[Abstract]:Foot and ankle deformities not only seriously destroy the normal function of the foot and affect the daily life of the patients, but also bring huge trauma to the patients. In medical research, foot surgery is a new branch of surgery, and there are still many aspects to be developed in foot and ankle surgery. Since the introduction of Ilizarov orthopedic technique in the 1990 s, the correction of foot and ankle deformities has developed strikingly. However, at present, the application of Ilizarov in the correction of ankle deformity is still at the technical level in the 1990s, and it has not been developed and innovated. According to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of human foot and ankle, a three-dimensional bone model of foot and ankle was obtained based on CT tomography. In addition, bone reconstruction and biomechanical characteristics under stress stimulation after osteotomy were studied. Aiming at the sagittal deformity of foot and ankle, the parallel mechanism was applied to the design of external fixator to realize orthodontic orthodontics of foot and ankle. Based on the feedback of Ilizarov external fixator, the kinematics and singularity of the designed external fixator were studied. Furthermore, the principle of orthopaedic osteotomy is studied in this paper, and the singular circumvention strategy for correction of sagittal and displacement deformities of foot and ankle is given, which provides theoretical guidance for the clinical use of the designed external fixator. Finally, the kinematic characteristics of the designed external fixator of parallel mechanism are verified by ADAMS simulation. This research has two outstanding contributions to orthodontic orthodontics of foot and ankle. Firstly, the Wolff's law and Ilizarov technique are innovatively combined in the research process, and an algorithm of bone reconstruction in the process of external fixation after osteotomy is proposed. The algorithm not only takes into account the characteristics of bone material, bone biomechanics and the structure of bone external fixator, but also takes into account the influence of "dead zone" of bone reconstruction on bone reconstruction. In addition, in this paper, the spinor theory is used to design the external fixator, combining the orthopedic principle with mechanical engineering, and a singular circumvention algorithm is proposed to correct the foot and ankle deformities with the external fixator. The best non-singular working space is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH789

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