无线传感网中能量有效的节点调度策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 03:29

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 节点调度　；参考：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着计算机技术、无线通信技术和微电子技术的发展和成熟,无线传感器网络逐渐成为收集和处理海量数据的重要途径。在无线传感器网络中,大量部署在特定区域内的集感知、计算和通信能力于一体的传感器节点以自组织的方式形成信息采集网络,并在有效时间内将数据转发给终端用户。由于其具有良好的适应性和可扩展性,无线传感器网络能够部署在众多人工管理困难、环境复杂的实际场景中,在军用、商用和民用领域中具有广阔的应用前景。网络能量有效性是评估无线传感器网络性能的重要指标。由于微型传感器节点电池容量有限,且一般部署于不易充电的大规模复杂环境中,如何提升网络的能量利用效率已经成为无线传感器网络研究的关键问题。节点调度是优化网络能耗的一种有效解决方案。无线传感器网络中的节点部署密集,数据冗余程度较高,大量相似数据的传输将会为网络的无线通信带来额外负担。节点调度能够通过在时间和空间上管理网络节点的工作状态来优化网络数据传输和能耗效率,在满足服务质量的同时减少能量消耗,从而延长网络的生存时间。本文首先研究了非均匀任务分布无线传感器网络中的节点调度问题,根据任务负载状态定义了节点状态转换模型。进而提出了基于马尔可夫链的任务量预测机制,通过计算不同节点状态的转换概率来获得下一个时间区间内的任务量预测结果。接下来描述了一种能量有效的节点调度博弈算法,该算法综合考虑了区域平均任务负载水平和节点剩余能量水平两个关键参数,基于局部信息使每个节点获得最优的调度策略。随后本文针对无线传感器网络中入侵检测类应用的节点调度问题展开研究,构建了三维环境下的全方位入侵检测网络模型。在外层监测空间中采用区域全覆盖调度方案来保证网络监测质量。同时文中提出了一种基于轨迹预测的内层节点调度算法,该算法根据入侵目标的运动趋势概率统计结果,调度相关节点对内层监测空间中的移动目标进行轨迹跟踪,有效地节约了无关节点的能量消耗。此外文中提出了一种轨迹校正策略,能够在目标丢失的情况下通过扩散覆盖的方式对目标进行快速重定位。该方案在保障监测质量的同时,极大地提升了网络的能量利用效率。
[Abstract]:With the development and maturity of computer technology, wireless communication technology and microelectronics technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) has become an important way to collect and process massive data. In wireless sensor networks, a large number of sensor nodes with sensing, computing and communication capabilities are deployed in a specific area to form a self-organizing information collection network, and transmit the data to the end user in the effective time. Due to its good adaptability and expansibility, wireless sensor networks can be deployed in many practical scenarios with difficult manual management and complex environment, and have broad application prospects in military, commercial and civil fields. Network energy efficiency is an important index to evaluate the performance of wireless sensor networks. Due to the limited battery capacity of micro sensor nodes and the deployment in large scale and complex environments which are not easy to charge, how to improve the energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks has become a key issue in wireless sensor networks. Node scheduling is an effective solution to optimize network energy consumption. The nodes in wireless sensor networks are deployed intensively and the degree of data redundancy is high. The transmission of a large number of similar data will bring additional burden to wireless communication in wireless networks. Node scheduling can optimize the efficiency of network data transmission and energy consumption by managing the working state of network nodes in time and space so as to reduce the energy consumption while satisfying the quality of service and thus prolong the lifetime of the network. In this paper, the node scheduling problem in non-uniform task distributed wireless sensor networks is studied, and the node state transition model is defined according to the task load state. Furthermore, a prediction mechanism based on Markov chain is proposed, and the prediction results in the next time interval are obtained by calculating the transition probability of different node states. Then, an energy-efficient node scheduling game algorithm is described. The algorithm considers two key parameters, the average task load level and the residual energy level of the node, and makes each node obtain the optimal scheduling strategy based on local information. Then this paper studies the node scheduling problem of intrusion detection applications in wireless sensor networks and constructs an all-directional intrusion detection network model in three-dimensional environment. In outer monitoring space, a full coverage scheduling scheme is adopted to ensure the quality of network monitoring. At the same time, a scheduling algorithm of inner nodes based on trajectory prediction is proposed. According to the probability and statistical results of the moving trend of the intrusion target, the related nodes are scheduled to track the moving target in the inner monitoring space. The energy consumption of independent nodes is effectively saved. In addition, a trajectory correction strategy is proposed, which can quickly relocate the target by diffusion coverage when the target is lost. This scheme not only guarantees the quality of monitoring, but also greatly improves the energy efficiency of the network.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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