土库曼斯坦水资源现状及利用问题

发布时间：2018-05-25 16:35

本文选题：土库曼斯坦 + 水资源　；参考：《中国沙漠》2014年03期

【摘要】：土库曼斯坦地处亚洲中部干旱区西南部,沙漠广布,水资源短缺,是阿姆河等跨界河流水资源的主要消耗区,水资源利用问题及矛盾十分突出。开展该国水资源及其开发利用研究,对研究跨界河流及极度干旱区水资源可持续利用具有重要的借鉴意义。土库曼斯坦是中亚水资源总量最少的国家,河流多数跨界,出入境水量约为233×108 m3,可利用水量远大于国内水资源总量,其中地表水资源总量约为9.39×108 m3,地下水可开采量为5.69×108 m3,而该国最主要的水利工程——卡拉库姆运河调来了阿姆河近1/3的水量,增加了灌溉面积。在水资源利用中,实际用水量的90%以上被用于农业灌溉,工业用水占7%左右,城市生活用水占2%。土库曼斯坦水资源主要靠调水工程和灌渠从界外引入,由于缺乏技术和资金支持,基础设施老化、管理混乱、水资源纷争复杂多变等水资源利用问题十分突出。在全球变化背景下,土库曼斯坦应加强在水资源的合理配置与高效利用、水资源国际合作等方面的工作,合理开发利用水资源。
[Abstract]:Turkmenistan is located in the southwest of arid region of central Asia, the desert is widespread and the water resources are short. Turkmenistan is the main consuming area of the water resources of the transboundary rivers such as the Amu River, and the problems and contradictions of the utilization of water resources are very prominent. The research on water resources and its exploitation and utilization in China is of great significance for the study of the sustainable utilization of water resources in transboundary rivers and extreme arid areas. Turkmenistan is the country with the least total water resources in Central Asia. Most of the rivers cross the border, with an entry-exit water volume of about 233 脳 108 m3, which is far greater than the total amount of domestic water resources. The total amount of surface water resources is about 9.39 脳 108m3, and the recoverable amount of groundwater is 5.69 脳 108m3.The Karakum Canal, the most important water conservancy project in the country, has transferred nearly a third of the Amu River, increasing the irrigated area. In the utilization of water resources, more than 90% of the actual water consumption is used for agricultural irrigation, about 7% for industrial water, and 2% for urban water use. Water resources in Turkmenistan mainly rely on water diversion projects and irrigation canals to introduce water resources from beyond the boundary. Due to the lack of technical and financial support, the infrastructure is aging, the management is chaotic, the water resources disputes are complex and changeable, and the problems of water resources utilization are very prominent. Under the background of global change, Turkmenistan should strengthen its work on rational allocation and efficient utilization of water resources, international cooperation on water resources, and rational development and utilization of water resources.
【作者单位】：新疆大学资源与环境科学学院/绿洲生态教育部重点实验室;新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室/干旱生态环境研究所/干旱半干旱区可持续发展国际研究中心;兰州大学资源环境学院/干旱区水循环与水资源研究中心;
【基金】：国家国际科技合作项目(2010DFA92720-12)资助
【分类号】：TV213.4

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