锦州市水资源管理问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 22:09

本文选题：水资源 + 政府职能　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：水资源是最基础性的自然资源和战略性资源之一,具有不可替代的作用。地方政府在水资源管理过程中具有极其重要的作用。锦州市在地理位置上位于辽宁省西部,在温度气候带上属于暖温带半湿润气候,水资源的自然总量存在明显不足。经过多年努力,锦州市水资源管理取得了一定的成绩,然而还存在着一些难题:水资源整体缺乏比较严重,城市用水方面表现尤为明显;水源区地下水环境不断恶化;水资源开发利用中存在明显不足;城区水资源供需配置不当;造成水资源产生问题除了一定的自然原因外,主要是政府在水资源管理中存在某些问题。由于将水资源维持现状所消耗的成本远远低于彻底整治水资源污染保护水资源的成本,而个人收益甚至社会受益却由于时间周期等原因,在短期内效果见微,如此便导致在保护水资源和整治水资源方面政府缺位,而由于政府这样一个大型权威的管理机构的缺位,环境、水资源的污染长期存在,得不到有效的治理和保护。要想切实有效地解决锦州市水资源管理中存在的问题,就要完善城乡供水体系,实现“生态水”代替“自然水”。本文主体分为五大部分,第一部分阐述水资源作为保持人类生存和延续的生命线,水资源不仅是人们的日常生活和生产活动的重要资料,而且水资源的公共性使政府管理成为必要;第二部分剖析锦州市水资源的管理成效,通过掌握锦州市水资源分布总量,及对锦州市供水量、用水量与耗水量现状调查后,在污水处理、节能减排、水源区保护等工作中取得明显实效;第三部分列举锦州市水资源管理中存在的问题,主要包括水资源总体利用不够合理、水源区地下水环境保护有待提高、水资源管理中存在明显的浪费现象等;第四部分分析了锦州市水资源管理存在问题产生的原因,主要是锦州市水资源存在不利的自然原因,另在经济层面在使用和保护中在绩效考核上存在一定的导向性,水资源管理中的责任缺位、水资源统一管理没能有效落实等;第五部分提出锦州市对于水资源管理所采取的有效路径,主要是完善供水体系,加快“生态修复”步伐,兼顾河道治理和水土保护工作、树立科学发展新观念,合理开发利用水资源、加快水务一体化进程,统筹管理水资源、唤醒公众的责任意识,动员全社会参与到水生态建设中。
[Abstract]:Water resources is one of the most basic natural resources and strategic resources, with irreplaceable role. Local governments play an extremely important role in the process of water resources management. Jinzhou is located in the western part of Liaoning Province, and belongs to the warm temperate sub-humid climate in the temperate climate zone, and the natural total water resources are obviously insufficient. After years of efforts, Jinzhou water resources management has made certain achievements, but there are still some difficulties: the overall lack of water resources is relatively serious, especially in urban water use, the groundwater environment in water source areas is deteriorating; There are obvious deficiencies in the development and utilization of water resources, improper allocation of water resources supply and demand in urban areas, and problems caused by water resources in addition to certain natural causes, mainly because of some problems in water resources management by the government. Because the cost of maintaining the status quo of water resources is far lower than that of thoroughly rectifying water resources pollution and protecting water resources, while personal benefits and even social benefits are limited in the short term due to reasons such as time cycles, etc. This will lead to the absence of the government in protecting water resources and regulating water resources, and because of the absence of a large and authoritative management organization, the environment and water pollution exist for a long time, and can not be effectively managed and protected. In order to effectively solve the problems existing in water resources management in Jinzhou City, it is necessary to perfect the urban and rural water supply system and realize "ecological water" instead of "natural water". The main body of this paper is divided into five parts. The first part expounds that water resources, as the lifeline of human survival and continuity, are not only important materials for people's daily life and production activities. Moreover, the publicity of water resources makes it necessary for the government to manage water resources. The second part analyzes the effectiveness of water resources management in Jinzhou City, through mastering the total distribution of water resources in Jinzhou City, and investigating the current situation of water supply, water consumption and water consumption in Jinzhou City. In the work of sewage treatment, energy saving and emission reduction, water source protection and so on, remarkable results have been achieved. The third part enumerates the problems existing in water resources management in Jinzhou, mainly including the unreasonable overall utilization of water resources. The environmental protection of groundwater in water source area needs to be improved, and there are obvious waste phenomena in water resources management. The fourth part analyzes the causes of the problems in water resources management in Jinzhou, mainly the unfavorable natural causes of water resources in Jinzhou. On the other hand, in the economic level, there is a certain degree of guidance in performance appraisal in the use and protection of water resources, the absence of responsibility in water resources management, and the failure to effectively implement the unified management of water resources, etc. The fifth part puts forward that the effective way to water resources management in Jinzhou is to perfect the water supply system, speed up the pace of "ecological restoration", take account of river treatment and soil and water conservation, and set up a new concept of scientific development. Rational development and utilization of water resources, speeding up the process of water affairs integration, managing water resources as a whole, arousing the public's sense of responsibility, and mobilizing the whole society to participate in the construction of water ecology.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV213.4

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