基于渔获统计的太平洋岛国渔业资源开发利用现状评价

发布时间：2018-08-29 07:55

【摘要】：全面评价渔业资源开发利用状况能够为资源的合理利用提供依据,营养指标作为以生态系统为基础的渔业管理方法与模式在近年来广泛运用于渔业管理中,用于评估捕捞活动的影响。根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的1950—2010年太平洋岛国的渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(Trophic level,TL)以及Sea Around Us Project数据库提供的无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了1950—2010年澳大利亚、新西兰、基里巴斯和斐济等四国的渔获物平均营养级(Mean trophic level,MTL)的变化情况,以此判定各国海洋渔业资源可持续利用情况。结果表明:澳大利亚资源状况较好,尽管其MTL在1950—1984年以0.09/10a的速度下降,但通过剔除TL低于3.25的物种,从而排除生物量受环境影响而波动较大的植食动物、腐生生物和食浮游生物动物对MTL造成的影响,观察TL大于3.25渔获物平均营养级(~(3.25)Mean trophic level,~(3.25)MTL)的变化情况,其~(3.25)MTL在1950—2010年呈波动上升趋势,说明MTL的下降是由低营养级鱼种产量的增加所引起的。新西兰海洋渔业资源遭到了一定程度的破坏,尽管其MTL自20世纪70年代中期开始大幅上升,并在1990—2010年处于高水平上稳定波动,未出现明显的下降趋势;但在不统计TL低于3.25的物种情况下,其~(3.25)MTL经过1977—1980年的加速上升以及1981—1998年的缓慢上升,在1999—2010年稳定下降并趋于平衡。从基里巴斯和斐济整个海域的营养指标变化情况来看,两国渔业资源状况较好,但将基里巴斯和斐济渔业分为外海渔业和沿岸渔业两类时,伴随产量的持续上升,两国的外海渔业MTL均未出现明显的降低,资源处于加速开发状态;而两国的沿岸渔业MTL在近年来均出现下降,资源被过度捕捞。为促使渔业的可持续发展,各国需加强对资源的动态监测与评估,以掌握捕捞活动下资源的变化情况。
[Abstract]:The comprehensive evaluation of the exploitation and utilization of fishery resources can provide the basis for the rational utilization of the resources, and the nutrient index, as an ecosystem based fishery management method and model, has been widely used in fisheries management in recent years. Used to assess the impact of fishing activities. Based on the fish production statistics for the Pacific island countries from 1950 to 2010 provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) FAO, combined with the related species nutritional grade (Trophic level,TL) provided by Fishbase and the invertebrate nutritional grade provided by the Sea Around Us Project database, The changes of average nutrient level (Mean trophic level,MTL) of catches in Australia, New Zealand, Kiribati and Fiji from 1950 to 2010 were studied to determine the sustainable utilization of marine fishery resources. The results showed that the resources of Australia were in good condition. Although its MTL decreased at a rate of 0.09 / 10 a in 1950-1984, by excluding species whose TL was less than 3.25, the biomass of herbivores fluctuated greatly under the influence of environment. The effects of saprophytic organisms and plankton feeding animals on MTL were observed. The variation of average nutrient level (~ (3.25) Mean trophic level,~ (3.25) MTL) of TL > 3.25) Mean trophic level,~) was observed. The MTL of ~ (3.25) MTL increased from 1950 to 2010. The results showed that the decrease of MTL was caused by the increase of the yield of low nutrient grade fish. The marine fishery resources of New Zealand have been destroyed to a certain extent, although its MTL has been rising sharply since the middle of 1970s, and it fluctuated steadily in the period of 1990-2010, and there is no obvious downward trend. But in the case of species whose TL is less than 3.25, the MTL of ~ (3.25) MTL decreased steadily and tended to balance from 1977-1980 to 1981-1998, and then increased slowly from 1977-1980 to 1981-1998. Judging from the changes in nutritional indicators in Kiribati and Fiji as a whole, the fisheries resources of the two countries are in good condition, but when the fisheries of Kiribati and Fiji are divided into two categories, the offshore and coastal fisheries, there is a continuous increase in yields, The MTL of the offshore fisheries in both countries has not been significantly reduced and the resources are in a state of accelerated exploitation, while the MTL of the coastal fisheries of both countries has declined in recent years, and the resources have been overfished. In order to promote the sustainable development of fisheries, States need to strengthen the dynamic monitoring and assessment of resources in order to understand the changes of resources under fishing activities.
【作者单位】：上海海洋大学海洋科学学院;远洋渔业协同创新中心;国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心;大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家863计划(2012AA092303) 国家发改委产业化专项(2159999) 上海市研究生教育创新计划上海市科技创新行动计划(12231203900) 国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD13B01) 上海海洋大学市级大学生创新项目(B-5106-13-0002)
【分类号】：S932

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