家西番:遗失了藏语的地方亚文化共同体

发布时间：2018-05-18 08:15

本文选题：家西番族群 + 文化转型　；参考：《青海社会科学》2013年04期

【摘要】：家西番族群,是生活在青海湖以东湟水流域宗喀藏族的一部;自明朝后期开始定居农耕,与汉、回、蒙古、土等族群杂居,历经二三百多年的历史演进,逐渐遗失了藏语而只使用青海汉族方言,至清康熙年间基本上完成社会文化的汉化。以政治斗争为主要内容的族群竞争、明清两朝对河湟农耕地区实行与草原牧区不同的治理模式是导致宗喀藏族文化转型而成为家西番的政治原因;草原与农耕交错过渡地带农业文明、工商文明相对于草原游牧文明的优势是吸引家西番汉化的经济原因;汉藏文化的兼容性、河湟地区多族群杂居的社会现实格局是出现家西番族群的社会文化原因。1958年青海农牧区宗教民主改革以及"文化大革命"中的极"左"民族宗教政策,直接颠覆了家西番族群本已动摇的宗教文化信仰体系。十一届三中全会以来国家落实民族优惠政策,在市场经济的冲击下,家西番族群在保持藏族身份的同时,其文化心理却越来越呈现其族性的"汉化"特点。
[Abstract]:The Jia-Xifan ethnic group, which lives in the Zongkha Tibetan region of the Huangshui River basin east of Qinghai Lake, has been settled and cultivated since the late Ming Dynasty, living together with the Han, Hui, Mongolian, Turkish and other ethnic groups, and has undergone more than 200 or more years of historical evolution. The Tibetan language was gradually lost and only the Qinghai Han dialect was used, and the Chinese culture was basically completed during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. The ethnic competition with the political struggle as the main content, the different governance mode between the Ming and Qing dynasties in Hehuang farming area and the grassland pastoral area is the political reason that led to Zongkha Tibetan cultural transformation and became Jiaxifan. The advantages of industrial and commercial civilization over pastoral nomadic civilization are the economic reasons for attracting the Sinicization of Xifan, and the compatibility of Han and Tibetan culture. The social reality pattern of mixed ethnic groups in Hehuang area is the social and cultural reasons for the emergence of Jiaxifan ethnic groups. In 1958, the religious democratic reform in Qinghai's agricultural and pastoral areas and the "leftist" ethnic and religious policies in the "Cultural Revolution" were introduced. It directly subverts the religious and cultural belief system already shaken by the Jiaxifan ethnic group. Since the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the state has implemented preferential policies for ethnic groups. Under the impact of the market economy, the cultural psychology of the Jiaxian ethnic groups, while maintaining their Tibetan identity, has more and more shown the characteristics of "Sinicization" of their ethnicity.
【分类号】：C95

【共引文献】