少数民族价值观的结构、特征及变迁研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 09:01

【摘要】： 在中国这样一个多民族国家中,民族关系的和谐是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要基石。强化中华民族的国家意识和各族群众共有价值观的核心地位,承认、尊重各族自己特有的少数民族价值观,是“多元”和“一体”完整和完善的结合,是建设和谐民族关系的有力举措。因此,了解少数民族群体价值观的结构、特征、变迁轨迹,弘扬各族群众先进的价值观,对实现民族和谐起着重要的促进作用。国内已见到少量关于少数民族价值观的调查研究,但从心理学视角、针对少数民族群体的系统研究还十分少见,且研究方法比较单一,缺乏多学科交叉和整合,鉴于当前研究存在的缺陷,在研究中加强研究对象的民众化、研究方法的多元化和研究内容的综合化是深化研究的必然出路。从心理学角度研究少数民族价值观问题,既是我国价值观研究领域的一个崭新课题,又是当前我国构建和谐社会的进程中,实现民族团结与社会和谐,必须深入研究和认真对待的一个重要问题。本研究在研究对象上选取少数民族群众这个社会群体,按照“传统——现状——变迁”的思路,通过对少数民族民间文学的梳理,总结少数民族传统价值观的特征,基于文献、访谈、开放式调查的结果,探索少数民族价值观的结构,发展符合心理测量学要求的少数民族价值观测量工具,系统考察少数民族价值观的现状特点,初步揭示少数民族价值观与主观幸福感的关系,采用实地调查,以傣族婚俗——“拴线礼”的变迁为个案,尝试讨论少数民族价值观的变迁。整个研究包括四个部分,围绕少数民族价值观的传统、现状(结构和特点)、相关因素(少数民族价值观与主观幸福感的关系)、变迁,开展了多项研究: 1.从少数民族传统文化的三个层次(实物、心物、心理)出发,以哈尼族英雄神话传说的传统价值观内涵为分析个案,总结了少数民族传统价值观具有浓厚的宗教性、丰富的民俗性、系统的整体性、生动的具象性、开放的兼容性等特征; 2.结合文献分析,本研究的“少数民族价值观”的操作性定义是:少数民族个体从自身需要出发,用于指导自我行为取向,在关于人生的目标、目标达成手段上的基本观点和信念的倾向性系统,即回答“个体追求什么?看重什么?如何达到目标?”等基本问题的观点和信念。根据文献、访谈和开放式调查结果,构建了本土化的少数民族价值观结构体系,并编制问卷,所编制的少数民族价值观问卷包括手段性价值观和目标性价值观两个因素,包含诚信交往、金钱权位、民族文化传承、事业成就、家庭、爱国奉献、精神快乐七个子维度,其信度和效度达到了心理测量学的要求; 3.以1262名少数民族群众被试为样本展开少数民族价值观的现状研究。通过差异性比较,探讨了少数民族群众的价值观在各个人口学统计变量上的特点;对个体社会生活领域中的相关具体问题如择偶、择业、择友等进行初步调查,分别以族别和年龄为分类标准作了汇总统计,以实现一般特点和具体特点的结合分析。结果表明,少数民族价值观总体是一种积极评价,在性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、职业阶层、居住环境、汉区生活年限、族别以及年龄层次各个人口统计学变量上存在一定群体差异; 4.初步分析少数民族价值观与主观幸福感的关系,考察两者的路径关系。结果表明,少数民族群众的主观幸福感属于中上程度,总体上感到比较幸福。少数民族群众的少数民族价值观与主观幸福感的结构模型拟合指数理想,少数民族价值观可以在一定程度上对主观幸福感作出预测; 5.采用实地调查的方法,以傣族婚俗——“拴线礼”为个案,通过婚俗的变迁来透视和凸显价值观的变迁。研究发现,少数民族传统价值观在存优择良民族文化变迁的基调下,传统价值观的先进部分得到保持和弘扬。其变迁的趋势是:趋同性与多元化并存、从非理性到理性的嬗变、传统与现代的互动结合; 6.提出少数民族传统优秀文化的传承和保护工作亟待加强的观点。综合来看,本研究在以下几方面有所发展和创新: 1.在研究对象上,以18岁—60岁的少数民族群众为主体,拓展了已有价值观研究的对象范围; 2.在研究内容上,基于理论分析,建构本土化的少数民族价值观结构体系,进而编制了国内首个具有较好信效度指标的少数民族价值观问卷,并以此为基础详细探讨少数民族群众个人背景变量对少数民族价值观的影响,揭示当前我国少数民族群众价值观的现状特点; 3.在研究取向上,基于学科交叉和整合的取向,围绕“传统——现状——变迁”的逻辑,阐述和分析少数民族价值观的发展和演化过程,充分体现了研究的整合性; 4.在研究方法上,以问卷调查为主,同时结合实地调查、案例分析、访谈、文献等方法,即采用理论与实证的交叉验证,量化研究与质性研究相结合,推动了少数民族价值观研究方法的多元化与综合化; 5.在研究结果上,立足于少数民族传统文化系统的三个层面,结合对哈尼族英雄传说的价值观内涵阐述,分析少数民族价值观的传统特点;以心理学视角切入,分析少数民族价值观的现状特点,并初步揭示少数民族价值观与主观幸福感的关系;以傣族婚俗——“拴线礼”为个案的实地调查,透视少数民族价值观的变迁。
[Abstract]:In a multi-ethnic country like China, the harmony of ethnic relations is an important cornerstone of building a socialist harmonious society. Strengthening the national consciousness of the Chinese nation and the core status of the common values of all ethnic groups, admitting and respecting the unique ethnic values of all ethnic groups, is the combination of the integrity and perfection of "pluralism" and "one". It is a powerful measure to build a harmonious national relationship. Therefore, it is important to understand the structure, characteristics, change track of the values of the minority groups, carry forward the advanced values of the people of all ethnic groups, and promote the realization of national harmony. The systematic research of ethnic groups is very rare, and the research methods are relatively simple, lack of interdisciplinary and integration. In view of the shortcomings of the current research, it is the inevitable way for deepening the research to strengthen the popularization of the research objects in the research, the diversification of the research methods and the synthesis of the research content.
The study of the values of ethnic minorities from the perspective of psychology is not only a new subject in the field of value research in China, but also an important issue in the process of building a harmonious society in our country to realize national unity and social harmony, and must be deeply studied and taken seriously.
In this study, we select the social groups of minority people on the object of study. According to the idea of "tradition - current situation - change", this study summarizes the characteristics of the traditional values of ethnic minorities by combing the folk literature of ethnic minorities, and explores the structure and development of the values of ethnic minorities based on the results of literature, interview and open investigation. The measurement tool for the values of ethnic minorities, which is required by psychometrics, systematically investigates the current characteristics of the values of ethnic minorities, and preliminarily reveals the relationship between the values of ethnic minorities and the subjective well-being, and tries to discuss the changes of the values of the ethnic minorities in the case of the changes of the Dai nationality marriage customs "the tie line".
The whole study consists of four parts: the tradition of the values of ethnic minorities, the present situation (structure and characteristics), the related factors (the relationship between the values of ethnic minorities and the subjective well-being), the changes, and the development of a number of studies.
1. from the three levels of the traditional culture of ethnic minorities (physical, physical, psychological), the traditional values of the Hani hero mythology and legends are analyzed, and the traditional values of ethnic minorities are characterized by strong religious, rich folkloric, systematic integrity, vivid representability, and openness compatibility.
2. according to the literature analysis, the operational definition of the "minority values" in this study is a tendency system for the minority individuals to guide their own behavior orientation from their own needs, to guide their own behavior orientation, to achieve the basic views and beliefs of the goals in the life, to achieve the basic ideas and beliefs of the targets, to answer "what is the individual's pursuit, what to think about and how to achieve it?" According to the literature, interview and the results of the open survey, the local minority values structure system is constructed and the questionnaire is compiled. The questionnaire includes two factors, namely, the means of value and the objective values, including the good faith communication, the money power, the national literature. The reliability and validity of the seven sub dimensions of inheritance, career achievement, family, patriotic dedication and spiritual happiness have reached the requirements of psychometrics.
3. study the present situation of the values of ethnic minorities with the sample of 1262 ethnic minorities. Through the difference comparison, the characteristics of the values of the minority people on the statistical variables are discussed, and a preliminary investigation on the specific problems in the field of individual social life, such as choosing and choosing, choosing and choosing friends, is carried out, respectively. In order to realize the general characteristics and the combination of the specific characteristics, the ethnic values are summarized and analyzed. The results show that the values of ethnic minorities are generally a positive evaluation, in terms of gender, marital status, education, professional class, living environment, living life of the Han District, ethnic groups and various demographic variables of age. There are certain group differences.
4. preliminarily analyze the relationship between the values of ethnic minorities and the subjective well-being and investigate the relationship between the two. The results show that the subjective well-being of the minority people is in the middle and upper level, and generally feels more happy. It can predict the subjective well-being to a certain extent.
5. using the method of field investigation, we take the Dai nationality marriage customs - "the tie line" as a case, through the change of marriage customs to perspective and highlight the change of values. The research finds that the traditional values of ethnic minorities are maintained and carried forward under the keynote of the vicissitude of the culture of excellent and good national culture. Homosexuality and pluralism coexist, from irrational to rational evolution, and traditional and modern interaction.
6. put forward the viewpoint that the inheritance and protection of the traditional fine culture of ethnic minorities need to be strengthened.
On the whole, this research has developed and innovating in the following aspects:
1. on the research subjects, the 18 to 60 year old minority masses are the main body, expanding the scope of the study of the existing values.
2. on the basis of the theoretical analysis, based on the theoretical analysis, the structure of the local minority values structure is constructed, and the first national minority values questionnaire with good reliability and validity is compiled, and on the basis of this, the influence of the individual background variables of the minority people on the values of ethnic minorities is discussed in detail, and the lack of the current China is revealed. The current characteristics of the values of several ethnic groups;
3. in the orientation of research, based on the orientation of interdisciplinary and integration, the development and evolution process of the values of ethnic minorities are expounded and analyzed around the logic of "tradition - current situation - change", which fully embodies the integration of the research.
4. in the research method, the research method is mainly based on the questionnaire survey, combined with field investigation, case analysis, interview, literature and other methods, that is, cross validation of theory and empirical, quantitative research and qualitative research, and promote the diversification and synthesis of the research methods of the values of ethnic minorities.
5. on the basis of the research results, based on the three aspects of the traditional cultural system of ethnic minorities, the traditional characteristics of the values of the minority nationalities are analyzed in combination with the values of the Hani Hero Legends, and the current characteristics of the values of the ethnic minorities are analyzed from the perspective of Psychology, and the values of ethnic minorities and the subjective well-being are initially revealed. A survey of the values of ethnic minorities is carried out on the basis of a field survey of "Dai Xian Li" as a case study.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：C95

【引证文献】