抗日战争时期陕甘宁边区中国共产党科技工作研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 20:07

  本文关键词： 抗日战争时期 陕甘宁边区 科学技术 科技领导与管理　出处：《四川省社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：抗日战争时期,陕甘宁边区是中共中央所在地,是全国模范的抗日根据地。为了坚持抗战并取得最后胜利,中共中央和边区政府领导边区军民开展了轰轰烈烈的建设事业,科技工作就是其重要组成部分。抗日战争爆发前,特别是中共中央到达陕北前,陕甘宁边区由于地处西北内陆,自然条件恶劣,经济十分落后,加之军阀连年混战,几乎看不到近代科技的踪影。中共中央达到陕北以后,推翻地主阶级和反动军阀的统治,进行了土地革命,变革了社会制度,为科技工作的发展创造了先决条件。在中共中央的直接领导下,陕甘宁边区的科技工作有序展开。抗战时期陕甘宁边区中国共产党领导科技工作的做法主要有五个方面:一是通过内部培养和外部引进两种途径,陕甘宁边区培养了许多科学技术人才,为科技事业的发展奠定了一定的人才基础;二是通过党员带头参加技术工作、树立科技工作先进典型、奖励科技创新等政策措施确立崇尚科学、尊重人才的政策导向,同时通过加强政治教育,确保科技工作的正确方向;三是设立陕甘宁边区自然科学研究会等学术团体,发挥他们联系科技人才、组织科学研究的作用,开展了蓬勃的自然科学运动;四是通过组织科普报告会、出版科普读物、举办展览会等途径大力普及科学知识,走科学大众化路线,提高边区群众的科学素养。五是从经济建设和抗战全局统筹科技工作,实现科技事业的全面发展。以上五个方面,从党和政府、科技人员与科技团体、人民大众三个主体共同发力,形成了一股促进边区科技事业发展的合力。边区科技事业的发展,产生了巨大的历史作用。首先是直接促进了陕甘宁边区科技水平的提高,表现为科技人员的增加和科技成果的涌现;其次是从武器弹药、医药卫生等方面有力地支持了抗日战争的胜利;再次是促进了边区的工业建设,基本实现了必需工业品的大部自给;最后是在增加粮棉产量、提高人民文化水平和医药卫生水平等方面改善了民生。抗战时期中国共产党领导的科技工作成就显著,积累了丰富的发展科技事业的历史经验,对今天的科技强国建设有重要启示。一是要坚持和加强中国共产党对科技工作的领导;二是要充分发挥科技人员及其团体的主体作用;三是要以经济建设为中心,实施创新驱动发展战略,实现经济与科技的共同发展;四是要走科技大众化路线,提高全民科学素养,形成科技与社会的良性互动。
[Abstract]:During the War of Resistance against Japan, the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region was the seat of the CPC Central Committee and the national model of anti-Japanese base area. In order to persist in the War of Resistance against Japan and achieve final victory, the CPC Central Committee and the government of the Border region led the army and the people of the Border region to carry out vigorous construction. Scientific and technological work is an important part of it. Before the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, especially before the CPC Central Committee reached northern Shaanxi, the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region was located in the interior of the northwest, had poor natural conditions, and was very backward in its economy. When the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China reached northern Shaanxi, it overthrew the rule of the landlord class and the reactionary warlords, carried out the agrarian revolution and transformed the social system. Has created preconditions for the development of scientific and technological work. Under the direct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, The scientific and technological work in the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region was carried out in an orderly manner. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese Communist Party led the scientific and technological work in five aspects: first, through internal cultivation and external introduction, The Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region has cultivated many scientific and technological talents, laying a certain talent foundation for the development of scientific and technological undertakings. Second, through party members taking the lead in participating in technical work, we have established an advanced model of scientific and technological work. To encourage scientific and technological innovation and other policies and measures to establish a policy of advocating science and respecting talents, and at the same time to strengthen political education to ensure the correct direction of scientific and technological work; third, to set up academic groups such as the Natural Science Research Society of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningxia Border region, They have brought into play their role of connecting scientific and technological talents and organizing scientific research, and have carried out a vigorous natural science movement; fourth, they have vigorously popularized scientific knowledge through organizing science popularization lectures, publishing popular science books, holding exhibitions, and so on. Take the line of popularizing science and improve the scientific literacy of the masses in the border area.fifthly, from the economic construction and the overall overall coordination of scientific and technological work in the War of Resistance against Japan, to realize the all-round development of scientific and technological undertakings. In the above five aspects, from the party and government, scientific and technological personnel and scientific and technological organizations, The three main bodies of the people worked together to form a joint force to promote the development of science and technology in the Border region. The development of science and technology in the Border region has had a tremendous historical role. First, it has directly promoted the improvement of the scientific and technological level of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region. This was manifested in the increase in the number of scientific and technological personnel and the emergence of scientific and technological achievements; secondly, in terms of weapons, ammunition, medicine and health, and the success of the War of Resistance against Japan; and again, the promotion of industrial construction in the border region. It has basically realized most of the self-sufficiency of essential industrial products; finally, it has improved the people's livelihood in terms of increasing grain and cotton production, raising the people's educational level and the level of medicine and health. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the scientific and technological work led by the Communist Party of China made remarkable achievements. It has accumulated rich historical experience in the development of science and technology, which has important implications for the construction of a powerful country in science and technology today. One is to uphold and strengthen the leadership of the Communist Party of China in scientific and technological work, the other is to give full play to the main role of the scientific and technological personnel and their organizations. Third, we should take economic construction as the center, implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, and realize the common development of economy and science and technology; fourth, we should take the route of popularizing science and technology, improve the scientific literacy of the whole people, and form a benign interaction between science and technology and society.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D231

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本文编号：1534967