腐败规范化的历史困局——传统中国卖官现象新论

发布时间：2018-04-22 04:40

本文选题：制度性卖官 + 非制度性卖官　；参考：《湖北社会科学》2017年10期

【摘要】：传统社会的卖官包括制度性卖官和非制度性卖官,制度性卖官是国家根据一定标准公开向吏民出售官级、爵位、荣典、任官资格的行为,非制度性卖官是国家之外的私人或团体在法律规定之外,私下向个人出售官职,以谋取私利的行为,制度性卖官公开进行,钱入国库,非制度性卖官私下进行,钱入私门。传统王朝的国家汲取能力存在欠缺,财政收入不能随经济的增长而稳定增加,而开支却无限制膨胀,导致财政危机一再发生,政府不得不动用卖官这一政策工具来筹措经费,制度性卖官的制度化水准不断提高,同时非制度性卖官如影随形,渗入制度性卖官的体系中,冲击制度性卖官的实施,并最终淹没了制度性卖官。制度性卖官的失范及非制度性卖官的泛滥,意味着传统王朝政府将卖官规范化努力的失败。腐败本质上是反制度、反秩序、反规范和不可控的,传统王朝将卖官规范化的尝试和努力,必定陷入非制度性卖官淹没制度性卖官、反规范化趋势压倒规范化努力的历史困局。
[Abstract]:In the traditional society, the selling of official includes institutional selling and non-institutional selling. The institutional selling of official is the act of the state openly selling the rank, rank, honor and qualification of the official to the officials and the people according to certain standards. The non-institutional selling official is a private person or group outside the country who sells his official post to the individual in private outside the law in order to obtain personal gain. The system sells the official to the public, the money goes into the national treasury, the non-system selling official carries on privately, and the money goes into the private door. The state of the traditional dynasty lacked the ability to absorb, and the fiscal revenue could not steadily increase with the growth of the economy, while the expenditure was inflated indefinitely. As a result, the financial crisis occurred again and again, and the government had to use the policy tool of selling officials to raise funds. The institutionalization level of institutional selling officials is improving constantly, and the non-institutional selling officials follow the same pattern, infiltrating the system of institutional selling officials, impinging on the implementation of institutional selling officials, and finally flooding the system of selling officials. The anomie of system selling officials and the flood of non-system selling officials mean that the traditional dynasty government failed to standardize its efforts to sell officials. In essence, corruption is anti-system, anti-order, anti-norm and uncontrollable. The attempt and effort of the traditional dynasty to standardize the selling of officials is bound to fall into the historical dilemma that the non-institutional selling of officials inundates the institutional selling of officials, and the trend of anti-standardization overwhelms the efforts of standardization.
【作者单位】：江西财经大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“法治视角下传统中国隐性腐败治理研究”(15BFX017,主持)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D262.6

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