也谈抗日战争时期中共对“二流子”的改造——与其他政权实体比较的视野

发布时间：2018-05-05 05:02

本文选题：乡村游民 + “二流子”　；参考：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：乡村游民系不安本分、无产无业、危害乡村社会者的总称。他们往往谋生不以其道,好逸恶劳,绝对有德行的缺陷,对社会有一定危害性。这一群体始终是地方政府治理的目标。除了基层政府,地方社会的习惯法、社区舆论以及乡村正统权威等乡土约制资源对游民的危害行为也发挥着抵制功能。20世纪40年代初,国共摩擦升级,国民党对抗日根据地实行全面经济封锁,中国共产党陷入空前财政危机。根据地政府展开生产自救,大力开荒。囿于劳动力的严重短缺,根据地政府自上而下地掀起了改造"二流子"运动。中国共产党评价体系中的"二流子"与乡村游民有所不同,"二流子"根据抗日政府的标准进行身份识别,注重"有无正当职业",乡村游民则是乡村民众的社区角色认定,侧重"乡村危害性"与"德行"的品评。相比其他政权实体,根据地政府以国家的角色通过运动模式对乡村脱序者进行"专项治理",其改造的规模、力度,效果,都有不俗的表现。改造"二流子"则通过对传统约制资源进行创造性地转化予以推进。社区权威角色、村庄舆论与道德评价机制、宗教仪式与象征符号等各种传统约制资源有机结合,交互运用,成为现代政党改造"二流子"的手段,较为成功地实现了对"二流子"的改造。
[Abstract]:Rural tour-related uneasiness, no property and no employment, harm the rural society of the general name. They often do not rely on their way of life, easy to work, absolute moral defects, to a certain extent harmful to society. This group has always been the goal of local government governance. In addition to the grass-roots government, the customary law of local society, community opinion and rural orthodox authority, the harmful behavior of the local resources to the vagrants also played a resistance function. In the early 1940s, the KMT and CPC friction escalated. The Kuomintang imposed a comprehensive economic blockade on the anti-Japanese base areas, and the Chinese Communist Party plunged into an unprecedented financial crisis. The base area government develops production to save oneself, opens up the wasteland energetically. Due to the severe shortage of labor force, the government in the base area set off the reform of "two-stream" movement from top to bottom. The "Erliuzi" in the evaluation system of the Communist Party of China is different from the rural vagrants. The "Erliuzi" is identified according to the standards of the anti-Japanese government, paying attention to "whether there is a legitimate occupation", and the rural Traveller is the community role of the rural people. Emphasis on "Village harmfulness" and "Virtue" evaluation. Compared with other political entities, the government of the base area carries on the "special treatment" to the rural disorderly person through the movement mode with the national role, its transformation scale, the strength, the effect, all has the good performance. The transformation of "two-stream" is carried out through the creative transformation of traditional constrained resources. The role of community authority, village public opinion and moral evaluation mechanism, religious ceremony and symbolic symbols and other traditional constraints of resources organic combination, interactive use, become a modern political party to reform the "two-stream" means, The transformation of "two-stream" has been realized successfully.
【作者单位】：山西大学近代中国研究所;
【基金】：2013年度国家社科基金项目“民国时期的乡村游民与乡村社会”(13BZS059) 2013年教育部新世纪人才支持计划 2013年度山西省高等学校中青年拔尖人才支持计划太原理工大学“华北社区调查与研究”基地支持项目
【分类号】：D231

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