中共在新中国成立前夕对于“国家统一”目标和模式的理论探索以及历史选择——一种基于历史文献的梳理和阐释

发布时间：2018-07-23 12:13

【摘要】：全国解放战争时期,是中共为夺取全国政权、建立一个"独立、民主、和平、统一和富强"的新中国,"解放中国全部领土,完成统一中国的事业"而艰苦奋斗的历史关头。在这个过程中,直面新中国即将诞生需要全面谋划和统筹其开国的大政方针——包括内外政策、国体政体的大背景和新形势,中共经过二十余年新民主主义革命的不懈探索和实践,在积累了丰富而深刻的正反两方面经验的基础上,对于如何正确处理实现"国家统一"中的中央与地方关系问题、少数民族问题、国家结构和国家形式问题的思想认识进一步深化和提升,进一步系统和丰富,开始明晰地意识到教条主义地照搬"苏联模式"有违中国历史传统和基本国情,开始全面彻底地扬弃客观存在的导致中国四分五裂,导致中华民族离心离德隐患的"民族自决"、"联邦制"的理念和概念,开始逐步奉行更加符合马克思主义中国化原则,更加符合中国历史传统和基本国情的"民族区域自治"、"单一制"的理念和概念,并最终在新中国成立前夕完成了这一战略转换,最终将新中国实现和维护"国家统一"的国家结构、国家形式,正式确定为具有鲜明而突出的中国特色、以民主集中制为原则、以"中央集权"为主导的"单一制共和国"——"中华人民共和国"。
[Abstract]:During the National Liberation War, it was a historical juncture for the CPC to strive hard to seize political power throughout the country, to establish a new China of "independence, democracy, peace, reunification and prosperity", to "liberate all the territory of China and to complete the cause of reunification of China." In this process, facing up to the imminent birth of New China, it is necessary to comprehensively plan and co-ordinate the general policy of founding the country, including internal and external policies, the broad background of the national system of government, and the new situation. After more than 20 years of unremitting exploration and practice of the new democratic revolution, the Communist Party of China has accumulated rich and profound experience in both positive and negative aspects. On the basis of this, the CPC has correctly handled the issue of the relationship between the central and local authorities in the realization of "national reunification." The ideological understanding of the problems of ethnic minorities, state structure and state forms has been further deepened and enhanced, further systematic and enriched, and has begun to clearly realize that the dogmatic copying of the "Soviet model" is contrary to China's historical tradition and basic national conditions, The concept and concept of "national self-determination" and "federalism", which lead to the fragmentation of China and the potential danger of the Chinese nation's secession, began to be fully and thoroughly abandoned, and the principle of Marxism becoming more Chinese was gradually pursued. The concept and concept of "national regional autonomy" and "unitary system", which are more in line with China's historical tradition and basic national conditions, and finally completed this strategic transformation on the eve of the founding of New China. Finally, the state structure and state form of realizing and safeguarding "national reunification" in New China are formally defined as having distinct and prominent Chinese characteristics, and the principle of democratic centralism is taken as the principle. The "unitary republic"-the people's Republic of China-is dominated by centralization of power.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：北京市宣传文化高层次人才培养资助项目(项目号:2016 XCB096)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D231

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