新民主主义革命时期中国共产党人对传统文化的认识与实践研究
发布时间：2018-08-19 15:33
【摘要】：新民主主义革命时期是一个剧烈变革的时代。这时期,中国在政治上和思想文化上都发生了急剧的变化。中国共产党人对传统文化的认识与实践也产生了剧变。为了全面深刻地了解这一时期我国的历史发展状况,我们必须更加深入地研究新民主主义革命时期中国共产党人对传统文化的认识与实践的发展过程。这至少具有以下四点意义：其一,有利于深化对新民主主义文化思想的认识。在新民主主义革命时期,新民主主义文化思想的形成和发展过程与中国共产党人对传统文化的认识与实践过程是历史和逻辑的统一。了解这一时期中国共产党人对传统文化的认识与实践过程可以从一个新的角度审视新民主主义文化思想。其二,有利于中国特色的社会主义先进文化建设。新民主主义革命时期中国共产党人对传统文化的认识与实践过程同时也是中国共产党人追求先进文化的历史过程。这可以为中国特色的社会主义先进文化建设提供宝贵的历史经验。其三,有利于中国传统文化的进一步发展。新民主主义革命时期中国共产党人对待传统文化的一些方式和方法现在仍然具有一定的参考价值。其四,有利于正确处理中国传统文化与外来文化之间的关系。当然,它的意义远不止这些。虽然目前学界对这个问题已经有所研究,也取得了一些较好的研究成果,但它还可以从新的角度和新的材料进行再深入研究。 根据历史与逻辑相统一的原则,本文从五四新文化运动时期开始,将新民主主义革命时期中国共产党人对传统文化的认识与实践过程分为四个历史阶段：第一,五四新文化运动时期的萌芽阶段；第二,从建党初期到大革命失败的产生阶段；第三,十年内战时期的发展阶段；第四,延安时期的成熟阶段。 第一阶段主要论述了早期马克思主义者陈独秀、李大钊和毛泽东等先后从不同程度的反传统主义到马克思主义的文化选择过程。这一阶段的主要特点是：1.不断探索追求科学的文化认识武器；2.确立了科学的文化观但还存在局限性；3.在激进的变革观中对传统文化的否定性、批判性占主导地位；4.虽然早期对传统文化的分析并未建立在马克思主义唯物史观的基础之上,但一旦确立了马克思主义文化观之后,这些认识在马克思主义文化观的基础上得到迅速的发展。 第二阶段主要论述了中国共产党人以唯物史观为思想基础反对复古主义思潮(主要是指“东方文化派”、“整理国故案”和学衡派、戴季陶主义),在超越中国传统文化的基础上建立无产阶级文化,以及在国民革命中对中国农民传统的重视。这一阶段的主要特点是：1.传统文化观视角的一元性与多样性的不足；2.对传统文化的认识和实践是国内革命斗争性的要求；3.对传统文化的实践的初步运用性。 第三阶段主要论述了中国共产党人以唯物辩证法为思想基础对中国农民传统的新认识和对中国传统兵法的批判性借鉴,对中国古代思想史的批判和研究,在新启蒙运动中对“新生活运动”和中国本位文化建设的批判,以及建立综合性新文化的努力。这一阶段的主要特点是：1.对传统文化有益部分的继承；2.对国民党文化观的批判；3.对保守派文化观的批评；4.对五四新文化运动的反思。 第四阶段主要论述了中国共产党人一元多维的传统文化观,对待传统文化的方法,正确认识传统文化的功能,以及在马克思主义中国化的基础上对中国传统哲学、传统史学、传统伦理和传统文艺的扬弃和发展。这一阶段的主要特点是：1.在马克思主义中国化思想趋向成熟的基础上形成了科学的传统文化观；2.从哲学、史学、伦理学、文学艺术方面对传统文化进行深刻总结,去其糟粕,取其精华,弘扬了民族优秀传统文化；3.延安时期对传统文化的认识是在民族战争的环境下形成和发展起来的,这就为中国共产党人对文化民族性的认识提供了新的视角。民族战争的爆发促使当时全国各阶级、阶层的人们重新认识自己的传统文化,中国共产党人正是在这一新的形势下达到对传统文化更加全面深刻的认识。 本文提炼和概括了延安时期中国共产党人一元多维的传统文化观,建构了中国共产党人的传统文化观的基本构架。这个基本构架就是：形成了一元多维的传统文化观,即在马克思主义唯物史观经济基础与上层建筑关系基础上的从民族性、意识形态、地域性特征、历史继承性多个维度看待传统文化；形成了批判继承法、民族形式继承法、综合创新继承法、抽象继承法等对待传统文化的多种方法；认识到了传统文化的重要功能,即它本身就成为对指导伟大的民族战争有重要帮助的一种方法,是民族精神的来源、民族文化的构成部分、马克思主义中国化的民族形式的一部分。这一研究具有一定的创新性。 通过以上的研究可知,中国共产党人在新民主主义革命时期对中国传统文化的认识经历了一个复杂的、长期的认识过程。他们以马克思主义为科学的认识方法,在反对国民党对文化的复古倒退、西化派对传统文化的全盘否定、保守主义对传统文化的片面肯定的文化斗争论战中,在新民主主义民族的、科学的、大众的新文化的建设中,在马克思主义中国化的探索和实践中,实现了对传统文化的科学认识的理性飞跃,形成了马克思主义一元多维的传统文化观。他们顺应当时中国社会历史发展的潮流,在发展中国先进文化的同时也对中国传统文化进行了扬弃和发展,推动了中国社会的进步和发展。中国共产党对中国传统文化认识的理论和实践是马克思主义中国化的重要成果,在文化建设中具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。今天,在我们建设有中国特色社会主义文化的征途中,具有重要的历史价值和实践价值。在如何对待中国传统文化上,它至少给我们三点历史经验：一、对传统文化的认识和实践要围绕新文化建设这个主题；二、对传统文化的认识和实践要坚持独立性和开放性原则；三、对传统文化的认识和实践要注重对社会思潮的引领。
[Abstract]:The period of the New Democratic Revolution is an era of drastic change. During this period, China has undergone dramatic changes in politics, ideology and culture. The understanding and practice of the traditional culture of the Chinese Communists have also undergone dramatic changes. In order to fully and profoundly understand the historical development of China in this period, we must study it more thoroughly. To study the development process of the understanding and practice of the traditional culture of the Chinese Communists in the period of the New Democratic Revolution is of the following four significance: first, it is conducive to deepening the understanding of the new democratic cultural thought. The process of understanding and practicing the traditional culture is the unity of history and logic. To understand the process of understanding and practicing the traditional culture of the Chinese Communists in this period can examine the new democratic cultural thought from a new angle. Second, it is conducive to the construction of socialist advanced culture with Chinese characteristics. The understanding and practice of the traditional culture by the Communists is also a historical process in which the Communists of China pursue advanced culture. This can provide valuable historical experience for the construction of advanced socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. Fourthly, it is helpful to correctly handle the relationship between Chinese traditional culture and foreign culture. Of course, its significance goes far beyond these. Although the academic circles have studied this problem and have made some good research results, it can also be used. Further study from a new perspective and with new materials.
According to the principle of unification of history and logic, this paper divides the process of understanding and practice of traditional culture of the Chinese Communists in the period of the May 4th New Culture Movement into four historical stages from the beginning of the May 4th New Culture Movement to the failure of the Great Revolution. Stage; the development stage of the third, tenth years civil war; fourth, the mature stage of Yanan.
The first stage mainly discusses the process of cultural choice from different degrees of anti-traditionalism to Marxism by the early Marxists Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong. The main features of this stage are: 1. Constantly exploring the weapon of cultural cognition in pursuit of science; 2. Establishing a scientific concept of culture, but there are still limitations. 3. In the radical view of change, the negativity and criticism of traditional culture are dominant; 4. Although the early analysis of traditional culture was not based on Marxist historical materialism, once the Marxist view of culture was established, these understandings were rapidly developed on the basis of Marxist view of culture. Exhibition.
The second stage mainly discusses that the Communist Party of China takes historical materialism as the ideological basis to oppose the trend of thought of retro-classicism (mainly referring to the "oriental culture school", "reorganizing the country's past cases" and the balance school, Dai Jitao doctrine), establishes the proletarian culture on the basis of surpassing the traditional Chinese culture, and in the national revolution to the Chinese peasant tradition. The main characteristics of this stage are: 1. the lack of unity and diversity of the traditional cultural perspective; 2. the understanding and practice of traditional culture is the requirement of the domestic revolutionary struggle; 3. the preliminary application of the practice of traditional culture.
The third stage mainly discusses the new understanding of Chinese peasants'tradition and the critical reference of Chinese traditional military law on the basis of materialist dialectics, the criticism and study of ancient Chinese ideological history, the criticism of "New Life Movement" and the construction of Chinese standard culture in the New Enlightenment Movement, and the establishment of a comprehensive system. The main characteristics of this stage are: 1. inheriting the beneficial part of traditional culture; 2. criticizing the Kuomintang's cultural outlook; 3. criticizing the conservative cultural outlook; 4. reflecting on the May 4th New Cultural Movement.
The fourth stage mainly discusses the Chinese Communists'one-dimensional and multi-dimensional view of traditional culture, the way to treat traditional culture, the correct understanding of the function of traditional culture, and the sublation and development of Chinese traditional philosophy, traditional history, traditional ethics and traditional literature and art on the basis of Marxism sinicization. On the basis of the maturity of Marxism Sinicization thought, a scientific view of traditional culture has been formed; 2. Summarizing the traditional culture profoundly from the aspects of philosophy, history, ethics, literature and art, removing its dross and extracting its essence, carrying forward the excellent traditional culture of the nation; 3. The understanding of traditional culture in Yan'an period is the ring of the national war. The outbreak of the national war prompted people of all classes and strata to re-understand their traditional culture at that time. It was in this new situation that the Chinese Communists achieved a more comprehensive and profound understanding of traditional culture. Know.
This paper abstracts and summarizes the traditional cultural view of the Chinese Communists in Yan'an period, and constructs the basic framework of the traditional cultural view of the Chinese Communists. Nationality, ideology, regional characteristics, historical inheritance of traditional culture in many dimensions; formed a critical inheritance law, national form inheritance law, comprehensive innovation inheritance law, Abstract inheritance law and other methods of treating traditional culture; recognized the important function of traditional culture, that is, it itself has become a guide to the great national war One of the important methods is the source of national spirit, the component of national culture and the national form of Marxism in China.
Through the above research, we can see that the understanding of Chinese traditional culture by the Chinese Communists in the New Democratic Revolution has gone through a complicated and long-term process. In the controversy over the one-sided affirmation of traditional culture, in the construction of the new democratic national, scientific and popular culture, in the exploration and practice of Marxism's sinicization, a rational leap in the scientific understanding of traditional culture has been realized, and a Marxist concept of one-dimensional and multi-dimensional traditional culture has been formed. At that time, the trend of social and historical development in China, while developing advanced Chinese culture, sublate and develop Chinese traditional culture, and promote the progress and development of Chinese society. Today, in our journey to build a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, we have important historical and practical values. In terms of how to treat Chinese traditional culture, it gives us at least three historical experiences: first, the understanding and practice of traditional culture should revolve around the theme of new cultural construction; The understanding and practice of traditional culture should adhere to the principle of independence and openness. Third, the understanding and practice of traditional culture should pay attention to the guidance of social ideological trend.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D231
本文编号：2192088
[Abstract]:The period of the New Democratic Revolution is an era of drastic change. During this period, China has undergone dramatic changes in politics, ideology and culture. The understanding and practice of the traditional culture of the Chinese Communists have also undergone dramatic changes. In order to fully and profoundly understand the historical development of China in this period, we must study it more thoroughly. To study the development process of the understanding and practice of the traditional culture of the Chinese Communists in the period of the New Democratic Revolution is of the following four significance: first, it is conducive to deepening the understanding of the new democratic cultural thought. The process of understanding and practicing the traditional culture is the unity of history and logic. To understand the process of understanding and practicing the traditional culture of the Chinese Communists in this period can examine the new democratic cultural thought from a new angle. Second, it is conducive to the construction of socialist advanced culture with Chinese characteristics. The understanding and practice of the traditional culture by the Communists is also a historical process in which the Communists of China pursue advanced culture. This can provide valuable historical experience for the construction of advanced socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. Fourthly, it is helpful to correctly handle the relationship between Chinese traditional culture and foreign culture. Of course, its significance goes far beyond these. Although the academic circles have studied this problem and have made some good research results, it can also be used. Further study from a new perspective and with new materials.
According to the principle of unification of history and logic, this paper divides the process of understanding and practice of traditional culture of the Chinese Communists in the period of the May 4th New Culture Movement into four historical stages from the beginning of the May 4th New Culture Movement to the failure of the Great Revolution. Stage; the development stage of the third, tenth years civil war; fourth, the mature stage of Yanan.
The first stage mainly discusses the process of cultural choice from different degrees of anti-traditionalism to Marxism by the early Marxists Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong. The main features of this stage are: 1. Constantly exploring the weapon of cultural cognition in pursuit of science; 2. Establishing a scientific concept of culture, but there are still limitations. 3. In the radical view of change, the negativity and criticism of traditional culture are dominant; 4. Although the early analysis of traditional culture was not based on Marxist historical materialism, once the Marxist view of culture was established, these understandings were rapidly developed on the basis of Marxist view of culture. Exhibition.
The second stage mainly discusses that the Communist Party of China takes historical materialism as the ideological basis to oppose the trend of thought of retro-classicism (mainly referring to the "oriental culture school", "reorganizing the country's past cases" and the balance school, Dai Jitao doctrine), establishes the proletarian culture on the basis of surpassing the traditional Chinese culture, and in the national revolution to the Chinese peasant tradition. The main characteristics of this stage are: 1. the lack of unity and diversity of the traditional cultural perspective; 2. the understanding and practice of traditional culture is the requirement of the domestic revolutionary struggle; 3. the preliminary application of the practice of traditional culture.
The third stage mainly discusses the new understanding of Chinese peasants'tradition and the critical reference of Chinese traditional military law on the basis of materialist dialectics, the criticism and study of ancient Chinese ideological history, the criticism of "New Life Movement" and the construction of Chinese standard culture in the New Enlightenment Movement, and the establishment of a comprehensive system. The main characteristics of this stage are: 1. inheriting the beneficial part of traditional culture; 2. criticizing the Kuomintang's cultural outlook; 3. criticizing the conservative cultural outlook; 4. reflecting on the May 4th New Cultural Movement.
The fourth stage mainly discusses the Chinese Communists'one-dimensional and multi-dimensional view of traditional culture, the way to treat traditional culture, the correct understanding of the function of traditional culture, and the sublation and development of Chinese traditional philosophy, traditional history, traditional ethics and traditional literature and art on the basis of Marxism sinicization. On the basis of the maturity of Marxism Sinicization thought, a scientific view of traditional culture has been formed; 2. Summarizing the traditional culture profoundly from the aspects of philosophy, history, ethics, literature and art, removing its dross and extracting its essence, carrying forward the excellent traditional culture of the nation; 3. The understanding of traditional culture in Yan'an period is the ring of the national war. The outbreak of the national war prompted people of all classes and strata to re-understand their traditional culture at that time. It was in this new situation that the Chinese Communists achieved a more comprehensive and profound understanding of traditional culture. Know.
This paper abstracts and summarizes the traditional cultural view of the Chinese Communists in Yan'an period, and constructs the basic framework of the traditional cultural view of the Chinese Communists. Nationality, ideology, regional characteristics, historical inheritance of traditional culture in many dimensions; formed a critical inheritance law, national form inheritance law, comprehensive innovation inheritance law, Abstract inheritance law and other methods of treating traditional culture; recognized the important function of traditional culture, that is, it itself has become a guide to the great national war One of the important methods is the source of national spirit, the component of national culture and the national form of Marxism in China.
Through the above research, we can see that the understanding of Chinese traditional culture by the Chinese Communists in the New Democratic Revolution has gone through a complicated and long-term process. In the controversy over the one-sided affirmation of traditional culture, in the construction of the new democratic national, scientific and popular culture, in the exploration and practice of Marxism's sinicization, a rational leap in the scientific understanding of traditional culture has been realized, and a Marxist concept of one-dimensional and multi-dimensional traditional culture has been formed. At that time, the trend of social and historical development in China, while developing advanced Chinese culture, sublate and develop Chinese traditional culture, and promote the progress and development of Chinese society. Today, in our journey to build a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, we have important historical and practical values. In terms of how to treat Chinese traditional culture, it gives us at least three historical experiences: first, the understanding and practice of traditional culture should revolve around the theme of new cultural construction; The understanding and practice of traditional culture should adhere to the principle of independence and openness. Third, the understanding and practice of traditional culture should pay attention to the guidance of social ideological trend.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D231
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