加缪生命伦理思想研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 18:23

本文关键词：加缪生命伦理思想研究　出处：《南京林业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：加缪的生命伦理思想建立在对生命、对人的同情尊重上,而人的生存状态也是生命伦理研究的一大重点。加缪的伦理思想以承认普遍人性为基础,旨在弘扬人的尊严,贬低神的尊严。加缪在自己的有生之年一直主张对爱的信仰,并全力维护人的尊严和人的价值,维护一种高贵的、永恒的价值观。即使是在二战和阿尔及利亚战争最艰难黑暗的时候,他也从未让自己真正陷入绝望,始终保持对阳光的怀念,保持着对爱的信仰,这是他身上最值得我们敬佩的地方,也正是因为如此,时至今日,研究加缪的生命伦理思想依然具有很大的意义。本文在架构上具体可划分成四个部分。第一部分导论,详尽地阐述了研究加缪生命伦理思想的背景、目的和意义,概括性地描述了生命伦理在国内外的探讨情况,介绍了具体的探究思路与方式,对本文的创新部分做了客观的评价。第二部分阐述加缪生命伦理思想的产生的背景,大环境下战火纷飞、人类精神文明沦落的社会背景,克尔凯郭尔的核心“孤独个体”、尼采蔑视上帝的无神论等思想构成了加缪生命伦理思想的思想渊源,加缪自幼丧父,寄人篱下的贫困家庭背景。第三部分主要叙述了加缪生命伦理思想的内涵及价值取向。荒诞是加缪思想的重中之重,是其作品的主线,清醒地正视荒诞就可谓是一种勇敢。反抗到节制,是加缪面对荒诞的价值取向。人类发现荒诞的存在,就充分表明人的清醒意识,然而对此做出反抗才表明人真正进入生活。从人类的历史发展和现状中不难发现,在荒诞的发现过程中就存在着反抗意识,从反抗意识的觉醒到消极、积极的个体反抗直到个体反抗发展成为集体反抗,是反抗使人类从最初的个体发展到集体,从哲学上升到历史,自抽象思辨提升至具体的行动。然而反抗也是有限度的,任何一种反抗假若超出界限,违反了人性,就失去了意义。要达到一种均衡节制的理想状态,这反映了加缪思想的成熟发展。第四部分叙述了加缪的生命伦理思想的局限性、对后世的影响、以及对当代中国的启示。加缪均衡的地中海思想如今广为流传,他生命伦理思想中的积极部分对于我国建设社会主义文明具有很大的启示,但他矫枉过正的“重数量,轻质量”人生态度也被人诟病。
[Abstract]:Camus' thought of life ethics is based on respect for life and sympathy for human beings, and the living state of human beings is also one of the key points in the study of bioethics. Camus' ethical thought is based on the recognition of universal human nature. In order to promote human dignity, degrade the dignity of God. Camus in his lifetime has been advocating the faith in love, and strive to maintain human dignity and human values, to maintain a noble. Eternal values. Even during the toughest and darkest years of World War II and the wars of Algeria, he never really let himself fall into despair, keep his memory of the sun and his faith in love. This is the most worthy of our admiration in him, and that is why, to this day. The study of Camus' bioethics is still of great significance. This paper can be divided into four parts in the framework. The first part introduces the background of the study of Camus' bioethics in detail. The purpose and significance of this paper are summarized to describe the discussion of bioethics at home and abroad, and to introduce the specific ideas and ways of exploration. The second part expounds the background of Camus' life ethics thought, the social background of the war and the decline of human spiritual civilization under the general environment. Kierkegaard's core "lonely individual" and Nietzsche's disdain for God's atheism formed the ideological origin of Camus' life ethics thought, and Camus lost his father since his childhood. The third part mainly narrates the connotation and value orientation of Camus' life ethics. Absurdity is the most important part of Camus' thought and the main line of his works. Facing absurdity soberly is a kind of bravery. To resist to abstinence is Camus' value orientation to face absurdity. However, it is not difficult to find out from the historical development and present situation that there exists the consciousness of resistance, from the awakening of the consciousness of resistance to the negativity of the consciousness of resistance in the course of the discovery of absurdity. The active individual revolt until the individual resistance develops into the collective resistance, is the resistance causes the mankind to develop from the initial individual to the collective, from the philosophy rises to the history. From abstract speculation to concrete action. However, resistance is also limited, any kind of resistance, if beyond the limits of human nature, the loss of meaning, to achieve an ideal state of balanced moderation. This reflects the mature development of Camus' thought. Part 4th narrates the limitations of Camus' bioethics, its influence on later generations, and the enlightenment to contemporary China. Camus' balanced Mediterranean thought is now widely spread. The positive part of his life ethics thought has great enlightenment to the construction of socialist civilization in our country, but his overcorrected attitude of "emphasizing quantity over quality" has also been criticized.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B82-0

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