杨朱伦理思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 02:13

本文关键词：杨朱伦理思想研究　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：杨朱是战国初期的卫国人,是一个小土地私有者,在学派归属上属于道家。杨朱着眼于个人与社会之间的关系而提出了四条伦理准则,即为我、贵己和轻物、重生。“为我”、“贵己”都是指凡事都要以自我的生命为中心,不做有损于自我生命的事；“轻物”是指看轻功名利禄等身外之物,节制自己的欲望,不被统治者所诱惑；节制欲望,不被统治者所惑,又是为了避免统治者的刑戮、伤害,保全和爱惜自我的生命,这又是“重生”。杨朱的这些伦理思想与《列子·杨朱篇》的伦理思想并不完全一致,《列子·杨朱篇》将杨朱的“贵己”思想发展为极端的利己主义,将杨朱的“重生”思想发展为纵欲主义,对于这二者之间的区别,前人的认识不清,我们则应努力将其辨明。杨朱的上述伦理思想既是战国乱世保命之道、没落士大夫之精神依托,又体现着战国时代的中国人的个体意识之觉醒；当然,杨朱的伦理思想也有其局限性,这主要表现在,“轻物”、“重生”易流于“巧取豪夺”,重感官享受易倒向纵欲主义,“一毛不拔”有无君之嫌。不过,总体而言,杨朱伦理思想的正面意义还是远大于负面价值,特别是在当今时代,杨朱伦理思想中的正面、积极的因素还能够为今人所借鉴。比如,“为我、贵己”思想对当今中国人权建设和构建以人为本的和谐社会具有借鉴意义,“轻物、重生”思想有助于矫正市场经济下的极端功利主义、拜金主义,同时也为当今青年群体浮躁、轻生的生活态度敲响了警钟。
[Abstract]:Yang Zhu was a native of the early warring States period and a private owner of small land, belonging to the Taoist school. Yang Zhu put forward four ethical principles in view of the relationship between the individual and the society, that is, for me, for himself and for light things. Rebirth. "for me" and "for yourself" mean that everything should be centered on one's own life and not do anything harmful to one's own life; "Light things" refers to look down on the merits, fame, wealth and other things, control their own desires, not be tempted by the rulers; The purpose of abstinence is not to be bewildered by the rulers, but also to prevent the rulers from killing, hurting, preserving and cherishing their own lives. This is "rebirth" again. These ethical thoughts of Yang Zhu are not completely consistent with the ethical thoughts of "Lezi 路Yang Zhu", which develops Yang Zhu's thought of "valuing oneself" into extreme egoism. To develop Yang Zhu's thought of "rebirth" into laissez-faire, we should try hard to distinguish the difference between the two, but we should try our best to distinguish it. Yang Zhu's ethical thought is the way to save his life in the troubled period of the warring States period. The spiritual backing of the declining literati and officials reflects the awakening of the individual consciousness of the Chinese people in the warring States period. Of course, Yang Zhu's ethical thought also has its limitations, which is mainly manifested in "light things", "rebirth" is easy to flow in "extortion", the sensual enjoyment is easy to turn to laissez-faire. However, in general, the positive significance of Yang Zhu's ethical thought is far greater than the negative value, especially in the present era. Positive factors can also be used for reference by modern people. For example, the idea of "for me, your own" has reference significance for the construction of human rights and the construction of a harmonious society based on people in China today, "light things." The thought of "rebirth" helps to correct the extreme utilitarianism and money worship in the market economy, and at the same time it is a wake-up call for the impetuous and life-threatening attitude of today's youth groups.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B82-0

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