权力如何影响道德判断行为:情境卷入的效应

发布时间：2018-03-03 20:11

本文选题：权力　切入点：道德判断　出处：《心理学报》2013年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：情境卷入使不同权力者与道德两难事件发生联系,并做出对他们有利的道德判断。为了验证这种假设,本研究首先采用无序句子任务分别启动高低权力,结果发现人称指向和权力差异对被试的道德判断行为没有影响,权力感主效应不显著,人称指向主效应不显著,两变量交互作用也不显著,这其中的原因可能是被试对卷入道德事件的体验不够深刻。为此,在实验二中,我们一方面变化道德事件与自身体验的相关性,另一方面提高启动任务的情境性,结果发现不管道德事件中主人公是否和自己相关,当被试均有高情境卷入时,高低权力造成的道德判断行为差异消失了。实验三和实验四则进一步证实,在自然权力状态下,道德事件本身也会引起被试的情境卷入感,高情境卷入不但可以消解高低权力者道德判断行为的差异,还可以分化同是高权力者在道德判断行为上的一致性。以上研究证明,在面对道德两难事件时,不同权力者都会做出对他们有利的判断,但这取决于判断者卷入该事件情境的程度。情境卷入程度低时,被试倾向基于规则的道德判断,情境卷入程度高时,被试倾向基于结果的道德判断。这说明道德判断是适应环境的一种手段。
[Abstract]:In order to test this hypothesis, this study first uses the disordered sentence task to initiate the high and low power, respectively, in order to verify the hypothesis that the situation involves different powers and moral dilemmas. The results showed that personal orientation and power difference had no effect on the subjects' moral judgment behavior, but the effect of power sense was not significant, the person directed main effect was not significant, and the interaction between the two variables was not significant. The reason for this may be that the subjects' experience of getting involved in moral events is not deep enough. Therefore, in experiment 2, we change the correlation between moral events and our own experiences, on the other hand, we improve the situational nature of initiating tasks. The results showed that no matter whether the protagonist was related to himself or not in moral events, the difference in moral judgment behavior caused by high power disappeared when the subjects were involved in high situation. Experiment 3 and experiment 4 further confirmed that under the state of natural power, The moral event itself will also cause the participants to feel involved in the situation. The high situation involvement can not only eliminate the difference of moral judgment behavior of the high and low power, but also differentiate the consistency of the high power and the high power in the moral judgment. In the face of a moral dilemma, different powers will make a judgment that is beneficial to them, but it depends on the extent to which the judge is involved in the situation of the event. When the situation is low, the subjects tend to make a rule-based moral judgment. When the degree of situational involvement is high, the subjects tend to be based on the result of moral judgment, which shows that moral judgment is a means to adapt to the environment.
【作者单位】：武汉大学哲学学院心理学系;
【基金】：武汉大学自主科研项目(人文社会科学)研究成果,得到“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金” 武汉大学“985工程”认知与神经信息科学平台项目(904273258)资助
【分类号】：B82

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