重建“信德”:从“信”的观念史出发的考察

发布时间：2018-03-04 04:20

本文选题：信　切入点：信德　出处：《学术月刊》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：信德丧失是现代道德危机的重要表征,重建"信德"既有现实的迫切性又有实践和观念的复杂性。从传统文化开掘重建"信德"的基础,可以集中于儒家经典中"信"的观念史分析。古代儒家"信"的观念,包含了多向度的意蕴:"信"是一项重要的个人美德;作为个人美德,"信"主要体现为处理朋友一伦的品德,但因为必须服从"孝悌"的原则,所以在家族伦理中处于边缘的地位;"信"作为一项个人德性,既有存在论的意义,又有工具的意义——尤其在政治活动之中;在政治实践中,"信"具有"权"与"经"的两面性;孔子以后,由于"诚"或"诚信"概念的阐发,"信"观念之形而上学凸显为理论的重心。在实践哲学的视阈中,后儒对"信"的具体德目缺乏详明的讨论。因此,重建"信德"、对"信"的传统观念作创造性转化,需要综合处理好"信"之四项:主要通过稳定的法律制度与风俗内化结合的途径建立"信用";以广泛的"信用"为基础,提高市场经济条件下的社会"信任"度,使"信"从单纯的私德扩充为公德;面向"信任"可以挂搭的"信念"世界,有待于建设合理的价值体系,实现社会团结;正视信念的超越向度"信仰"对于道德建设的意义,同时也扩充论辩的合理性来解决不同信念或信仰之间的紧张。
[Abstract]:The loss of faith is an important symbol of the modern moral crisis. The reconstruction of "faith" has not only the urgency of reality but also the complexity of practice and concept. It can be focused on the analysis of the history of the concept of "faith" in the Confucian classics. The concept of "faith" in ancient Confucianism contains the implication of multi-direction: "faith" is an important personal virtue; As a personal virtue, "letter" is mainly embodied in dealing with the moral character of a friend, but because it must obey the principle of filial piety, it is in a marginal position in the family ethics. As a personal virtue, "Xin" has the meaning of existentialism. There is also the meaning of instruments-especially in political activities; in political practice, "faith" has the dual character of "power" and "scripture"; after Confucius, Due to the elucidation of the concept of "honesty" or "honesty", the metaphysics of the concept of "faith" is highlighted as the focus of the theory. In the perspective of practical philosophy, the post-Confucianism lacks a detailed discussion of the specific moral items of "faith". The reconstruction of "faith" and the creative transformation of the traditional concept of "trust" need to comprehensively deal with the four aspects of "trust": the establishment of "credit" mainly through the combination of a stable legal system and the internalization of customs, and the establishment of "credit" on the basis of a wide range of "credit". To improve the degree of social "trust" under the condition of market economy, to expand "trust" from simple private morality to public morality, to build up a reasonable value system and to realize social unity in the world of "belief" which can be linked with "trust"; Facing up to the transcendence of belief "belief" is of significance to moral construction, and it also expands the rationality of argument to solve the tension between different beliefs and beliefs.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所暨哲学系;
【基金】：上海市社科基金项目“动力与秩序:中国现代哲学的追求与转向”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B82-0

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