从“生存竞争”到“道德优越者生存”的道德生态解读

发布时间：2018-03-14 17:03

本文选题：生存竞争　切入点：道德优越者生存　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济发展的同时伦理道德滑坡、生态危机严重,这些都迫使我们不得不思考社会发展的方式与总体趋势是什么。为了解决这一困惑,我们必须先弄清楚道德的定义、性质与研究对象等相关内容。弄清楚什么是生态以及和生态学相关的生态系统、生态位、能量流动等主要理论,最后为了从自然演替与社会发展的历程中去发现社会的发展的总的趋势,我们还必须知道生存竞争与道德优越者生存这两种生存方式的来源、相关内涵与性质,从而认清当前的矛盾并找到正确的解决方法。达尔文在《物种起源》中认为,生物的进化是以竞争为唯一的、根本的动力的。生物进化论以自由竞争强调个体选择忽视了生物之间群体的重要性。生物是利己并且没有能动性的,这忽视了生物自身的过程性。社会达尔文主义将达尔文式的进化观直接应用到人类社会,视“生存竞争”和“自然选择”为最高的解释原则。在这一原则的基础上,资本主义市场经济学把经济上的竞争与丛林的法则划等号,把人看作是动物,把理性把自私当做是人的天性,认为人应该以自我为中心。这些做法撕裂社会整体,败坏社会伦理道德,另一方面更为重要的是以竞争为社会发展手段的生活实际使人脱离自然,成为自然地对立面。随着人类经济社会活动需求的无限扩大,自然生态系统的供给能力越来越小,人类在逐渐毁灭自然界的同时也毁灭了人类自身。为纠正这种错误的观点,本文通过对比的角度来论述拥有道德的人生存的优越性。在动植物界生物的进化不仅表现为生存竞争而且还表现为物种与物种及其环境间的协同进化,与竞争相比,协同效应彰显着优越的特质。在人类社会每一个生命个体都追求生存,在追求生存的过程中每一个生命个体都会采取最佳策略,最佳策略不是市场经济所追捧的个体利益最大化,而是最有效。这种最有效的策略就是生态位的最佳体现,也就是在利他的同时也利己,从而否定了以竞争、自私为根本动力的观点。生存竞争与道德优越者生存是一个历史的发展过程,生存竞争是人类历史发展过程中的某个阶段,其不具有延续性,而道德优越者不仅可以使个体获得最大的利益而且对于整体的发展也具有巨大的贡献,所以在自然地演化过程与人类的发展历程中都会获得生态位。
[Abstract]:Economic development is accompanied by a decline in ethics and a serious ecological crisis, all of which force us to think about the way and the general trend of social development. In order to solve this confusion, we must first work out the definition of morality. Find out what ecology is and the main theories about ecology, ecosystem, niche, energy flow, etc. Finally, in order to discover the general trend of social development from the process of natural succession and social development, we must also know the source, connotation and nature of survival competition and moral superiority. To recognize the current contradiction and find the right solution. Darwin in the Origin of species argues that the evolution of living things is the only one based on competition. Biological evolution emphasizes in free competition that individual choice ignores the importance of groups between organisms. Organisms are self-interested and inactive. This ignores the process of living things themselves. Social Darwinism applies Darwinian evolution directly to human society, viewing "survival competition" and "natural selection" as the supreme principles of interpretation. The capitalist market economy equates economic competition with the law of the jungle, treats man as an animal, considers reason as human nature, and thinks that man should be self-centered. These practices tear apart the whole society. On the other hand, what is more important is that life with competition as a means of social development actually separates people from nature and becomes the opposite of nature. With the unlimited expansion of the demands of human economic and social activities, The supply capacity of natural ecosystems is becoming smaller and smaller, and human beings are destroying nature as well as themselves. In order to correct this erroneous view, In this paper, we discuss the superiority of human beings with morality in survival. The evolution of animals and plants is not only the competition of existence, but also the co-evolution of species and species and their environment, compared with competition. In human society, every living individual pursues survival, and in the process of pursuing survival, every living individual adopts the best strategy. The best strategy is not the maximization of individual interests sought after by the market economy, but the most effective strategy. This most effective strategy is the best embodiment of niche, that is, altruism and self-interest, thus negating competition. The viewpoint that selfishness is the fundamental motive force. The survival competition and the survival of the moral superior is a historical development process, and the survival competition is a certain stage in the development of human history, which has no continuity. The moral superior can not only make the individual obtain the greatest benefit but also make great contribution to the whole development. Therefore the moral superior can obtain the niche in the natural evolution process and the human development process.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-058

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