西方环境伦理学发展三个阶段的哲学诠释

发布时间：2018-03-24 22:37

本文选题：自然中心主义　切入点：人类中心主义　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：西方环境伦理学主要经历了19世纪末20世纪初的孕育时期、20世纪初到20世纪中叶的创立时期以及20世纪中叶以来的发展成熟时期。在西方环境伦理学孕育时期，环境状况开始恶化，西方掀起了第一次环境保护运动，在人与自然关系上形成了人类中心主义环境伦理学思想，这难能可贵，可惜这种人类中心主义的环境人类中心主义没有保存下来。在西方环境伦理学创立时期环境状况继续恶化，，西方掀起了第二次环境保护运动，在人与自然关系上形成自然中心主义环境伦理学思想。在西方环境伦理学发展成熟时期，西方环境状况继续恶化，西方掀起了第三次环境保护运动，在人与自然关系上形成自然中心主义和“人类中心主义”思潮。自然中心主义和“人类中心主义”出发点都是为了解决环境危机，共同点都把马克思主义的伦理观、价值观扩大到自然，所不同的是自然中心主义失落了人，抹杀了人的社会性，而“人类中心主义”在人与自然关系上坚持以人为中心，这相对自然中心主义来说，是一个巨大的进步，但“人类中心主义”坚持人对自然有伦理和价值关系，又削弱了人的作用。所以自然中心主义和“人类中心主义”生态伦理学都不能解决环境危机。解决环境危机的路径选择就是实现自然中心主义与“人类中心主义”整合与超越，走向类本位的环境人类中心主义。
[Abstract]:Western environmental ethics mainly through the end of nineteenth Century twentieth Century at the beginning of the incubation period, the beginning of the twentieth Century to the mid twentieth Century period of the founding and development since the mid twentieth Century the mature period. Born in the western environmental ethics, the environment is deteriorating, the West launched the first environmental protection movement, the relationship between man and nature on the formation of human centered environment ethics, this is commendable, but the environment of human center of this anthropocentric doctrine has not been preserved. The period of the founding of the western environmental ethics in environmental conditions continue to deteriorate, the West has started the second environmental protection movement, the formation of natural environmental ethics thought on the relationship between human and nature. In the mature period of the western environmental ethics, western environment conditions continued to deteriorate, the West has started the third environmental protection movement, in the relationship between man and nature A trend of thought of natural centralism and "Anthropocentrism" was formed.
Natural centrism and anthropocentrism in order to solve the environmental crisis, the common ethical values of Marx's view, expand to nature, the difference is the natural center of the loss of people, social killing people, and "Anthropocentrism" in the relationship between man and nature adhere to the people-centered, the relative nature center doctrine, is a great progress, but the "Anthropocentrism" adhere to the people of ethics and value of nature, but also weaken the role of people.
Therefore, natural centralism and anthropocentrism can not solve the environmental crisis. The path choice to solve the environmental crisis is to achieve the integration and Transcendence of natural centralism and anthropocentrism, and to go to the anthropocentrism of environmental centralism.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B82-058

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