孔子道德修养论及其现代启示

发布时间：2018-04-10 21:30

本文选题：孔子 + 道德　；参考：《南昌大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：修养问题一直是中国传统文化中的重要内容。其中孔子的道德修养论蕴含了浓郁的伦理意蕴，具有强烈的实用色彩，认为要实现社会的最高理想，造就完善人格，修身是根本途径。当今时代要求人们不仅具有先进的科学文化知识，而且要求具备高尚的道德情操、完善健全的人格以及顽强的意志品质，具备这些，才是一个全面发展的现代人。然而，现代化的新人必须经过一个长期、艰苦的修养过程。孔子的道德修养论可有助于我们造就完善人格，成为与时俱进的现代化新人。因而，我们在充分吸收前辈专家学者研究成果的基础上，深入挖掘孔子的道德修养思想的合理内涵，提取其中的现代价值，有着重要的理论意义和实践价值。文章分为五个大的部分: 孔子道德修养观的理论基础。任何一种观念都不可能是凭空产生的,它的形成和发展必定渗透着当时的时代背景和思想理论的影响。孔子道德修养论的形成也是多方面因素综合作用的结果。文章从社会背景和人性论两个方面阐述了孔子道德修养观的理论基础。社会背景主要是指西周时期的政治、经济和尊礼传统、崇德意识的文化环境对孔子道德修养观的影响；人性论则是从理论方面分析孔子修养观形成的基础。孔子道德修养观的基本内容展示。仁是孔子道德修养思想的核心，礼是孔子道德修养思想的交往方式，仁是礼的基础，礼以仁来维护。孝悌和忠恕亦是孔子道德修养思想的重要组成部分。在他看来，孝悌不仅是人人达到家庭和谐的根本，也是宗法制社会要求人具备的最基本品德，亦是衡量一个人的社会价值准则；“忠”是每个人都应该恪守的修养准则，君主也不例外；恕是孔子理想人格的重要素质，不仅要求人要严以责己，宽以待人，还要有舍己为人的精神。孔子道德修养观的途径和方法。孔子在修养方法的形成和修养过程的实践等方面对后世都产生了深远的影响，本文主要从四方面阐述：为仁由己，反求诸省，勇于改过；博闻强识，不耻下问，学思并重；立志向善，持之以恒，知行统一；以己度人，团结友爱，爱憎分明。这一部分使我们能系统、全面地了解孔子道德修养观的途径和方法,为进一步探讨其价值做好准备。孔子道德修养观的理想境界。修养的最终目的是要达成一种高尚的人格境界，，孔子德性养成之时的理想境界有两种，即圣人境界和君子境界。孔子认为，在道德修养的人格目标里，可以实现的是“君子”，而最高、最难实现的就是“圣人”。孔子道德修养观的现代启示总结。对孔子道德修养观内容的展示、方法的评析、境界的阐述，最后的落脚点都是为了能对现代人的修养观念形成产生启示。这些启示能帮助现代人确立符合时代要求的修养机制,迎接时代对人们修养提出的新挑战。
[Abstract]:Cultivation has always been an important part of Chinese traditional culture.Confucius' theory of moral accomplishment contains rich ethical implication and has a strong practical color. It is believed that to realize the highest ideal of society and to cultivate perfect personality, self-cultivation is the fundamental way.Nowadays, people are required not only to have advanced scientific and cultural knowledge, but also to have noble moral sentiment, perfect and sound personality and tenacious character of will.However, modern newlyweds must go through a long and arduous process of cultivation.Confucius' theory of moral accomplishment can help us to improve our personality and become a new person with the times.Therefore, on the basis of fully absorbing the research achievements of the previous generation of experts and scholars, it is of great theoretical and practical value to dig into the rational connotation of Confucius' moral cultivation thought and to extract the modern value from it.The article is divided into five parts:The theoretical basis of Confucius'view of moral accomplishment.Any kind of idea can't come out of thin air, its formation and development must permeate the influence of times background and thought theory at that time.The formation of Confucius' theory of moral accomplishment is also the result of the comprehensive action of many factors.This paper expounds the theoretical basis of Confucius' moral cultivation view from two aspects: social background and human nature theory.The social background mainly refers to the influence of the political, economic and ritual traditions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the cultural environment of the consciousness of worshiping morality on Confucius' moral cultivation, while the theory of human nature is the basis of the theoretical analysis of the formation of Confucius' concept of accomplishment.The basic content of Confucius'view of moral cultivation.Benevolence is the core of Confucius' moral cultivation thought, propriety is the communication mode of Confucius' moral accomplishment thought, benevolence is the foundation of propriety, and propriety is preserved by benevolence.Filial piety and loyalty are also an important part of Confucius' moral cultivation.The monarch is no exception; forgiveness is an important quality of Confucius' ideal personality, which not only requires strict self-responsibility, leniency, but also the spirit of sacrificing oneself.The ways and methods of Confucius' moral cultivation.Determined to be good, persevering, knowing and acting United; to others, unity of love, love and abhorrence.This part enables us to systematically and comprehensively understand the ways and methods of Confucius' moral cultivation, and prepare for further discussion of its value.The ideal state of Confucius' view of moral accomplishment.The ultimate goal of cultivation is to achieve a noble state of personality. There are two ideal realms when Confucius develops his virtue, namely, the realm of sage and the realm of gentleman.Confucius believed that in the personality goal of moral cultivation, the "gentleman" can be realized, and the highest and most difficult to achieve is the "saint".A summary of the modern enlightenment of Confucius' view of moral accomplishment.To show the content of Confucius' view of moral accomplishment, to comment on the method, to expound the realm, and to put the last foothold in order to give enlightenment to the formation of the concept of cultivation of modern people.These enlightenments can help the modern people to establish the self-cultivation mechanism in accordance with the requirements of the times and meet the new challenges posed by the times to the cultivation of people.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B82-092

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