梁漱溟乡村建设伦理思想及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-05-20 20:01

本文选题：梁漱溟 + 乡村建设　；参考：《广西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：梁漱溟作为王阳明的崇拜者,不仅继承了王阳明的学术思想,而且也发扬了王明明的知行合一的精神。梁漱溟一直苦苦思索中国问题,同时是一个行动的巨人。他一生致力于复兴中国传统文化,并融西方文化于传统文化之中,他从功利主义转入佛学,再由佛入儒,最终成为新儒家开山人物,思想上的坚持与人格上的坚守成就了他的新儒学事业,也构建了他的新儒学体系。在乡村建设过程中,梁漱溟突显经济伦理建设的主体地位,认为国家的强大与繁荣必须依靠发达的经济实力,中国传统文化中缺乏功利性的气质,以致没有形成产业化与规模化的经济形态,梁漱溟倡导经济生产的合作化,以营造团体的经济生产模式,进而促进中国经济的发展。在政治伦理层面,梁漱溟认为政治是国家稳定与发展的直接保障,中国传统社会由于缺乏分立的阶级与统一的意识,以致政治松散而分离,必须建立政教合一的政治制度,要求政府管理者的高尚人格与健全的政治规范结合起来,同时提高民众在政治中的参与度,实现政治的公开化与管理的民主化。在社会道德层面,梁漱溟认为中国社会是一个以职业分立为特征的伦理本位型社会,传统文化理性有余,而理智不够,并且缺乏公共道德,乡村建设运动的重要任务就是复兴中国的传统伦理文化,以中国的老道理为指导思想,发扬以对方为重的伦理情谊与改过迁善的人生向上精神,同时吸收西方文化中的权利、民主、公德思想,实现中西伦理精神的互融。在教育伦理层面,梁漱溟认为教育是复兴文化的根本途径,中国传统教育过分强调个人道德的塑造,忽略团体性道德的培养。在知识传授的结构上,偏重人文知识,轻科学技术,梁漱溟认为应当矫正这样的教育理念,实行民众教育,将教育普及化,在内容上将人文与科学结合起来,倡导知识分子下乡,提升国民的整体素质梁漱溟的乡村建设运动最终失败了,源于战争与政治的影响,也源于一个知识分子的单纯与孤立无依,这是梁漱溟道德理想的破灭,他的新儒学伦理主张没有获得最终实现。尽管如此梁漱溟的乡村建设思想及实践仍为我们留下了诸多经验,一方面拓展了传统儒家伦理的实践性品格,使儒学不再是纯粹的书斋理论；另一方面,乡村建设运动对当前的新农村建设有所启发,包括提倡知识分子下乡、提升农民的民主、权利素质等。梁漱溟通过乡村建设运动表现了一个新儒家人物的态度与执著,他一生坚持着复兴中国文化的宏愿,并施展自己救亡兴国的道理理想,虽然乡村建设运动失败了,但这种拓展儒家伦理文化的尝试并不会终止,乡村实践伦理必将是一项未完成的事业。论文主要分六个部分：第一部分导论,说明了梁漱溟乡村建设伦理思想的研究意义、现状以及本文的研究方法。第二部分主要是说明梁漱溟学术思想的历程,阐述了梁漱溟的功利主义、佛教思想和儒学思想以及其学术思想变化的原因。第三部分主要是说明了梁漱溟经济伦理思想的形成原因及其经济社会生活的理想。第四部分主要阐述了梁漱溟乡村社会伦理思想的历史背景及其对未来社会理想道德的构想。第五部分主要阐述了梁漱溟乡村建设的政治伦理,在比较中西方政治的差异的基础之上,梁漱溟认为要把政治与教育相结合来解决中国政治问题的构想。第六部分主要阐述了梁漱溟乡村建设的失败,分析其原因,并且深入剖析了其对我们当代社会注意建设的思想。最后写到了本文的主旨,梁漱溟的乡村建设运动虽然失败了,但是乡村建设史一项永远不会停止的工程。了解历史可以让我们避免犯前人所犯的一些错误,梁漱溟的乡村建设虽然以失败而告终,但是它对于我们来说却是一个伟大的尝试,可以为我们的新农村建设提供有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:As a worshiper of Wang Yangming, Liang Shuming not only inherited the academic thought of Wang Yangming, but also promoted Wang Mingming's spirit of unity of knowledge. Liang Shuming has been struggling to ponder China and is a giant of action. He devoted his life to the revival of traditional Chinese culture and the western culture in traditional culture. He was from the utilitarian Lord. In the process of rural construction, Liang Shuming highlighted the main position of economic ethics construction and believed that the strength and prosperity of the country must rely on the developed classics in the process of rural construction. With the lack of utilitarian temperament in Chinese traditional culture, the economic form of industrialization and scale is not formed. Liang Shuming advocates the cooperation of economic production to create a group's economic production model and further promote the development of China's economy. On the political and ethical level, Liang Shuming believes that politics is the direct of the stability and development of the country. The Chinese traditional society, due to the lack of a separate class and the consciousness of unity, is so loose and separated that the political system of political unity must be established, and the noble personality of the government administrators should be combined with a sound political norm, and the participation of the people in politics is improved and the political openness and management of democracy can be realized. At the social moral level, Liang Shuming thinks that Chinese society is an ethical standard society characterized by professional separation. The traditional cultural rationality is surplus, and the reason is not enough and lack of public morality. The important task of the rural construction movement is to revive the traditional Chinese ethical culture and to carry forward the Chinese old truth as the guiding ideology. At the level of education ethics, Liang Shuming thinks that education is the fundamental way to revive culture. In the educational ethics level, education is the fundamental way to revive culture. Chinese traditional education overemphasizes the molding of personal morality and neglects the group morality. In the structure of imparting knowledge and emphasizing the humanistic knowledge and light science and technology, Liang Shuming believes that such educational ideas should be corrected, the education of the people is carried out, the education is popularized, the humanities and science will be combined, the intellectuals go to the countryside, and the overall quality of the country and the people is ultimately defeated by the rural construction movement of Liang Shuming. Because of the influence of war and politics, it is derived from the simplicity and isolation of an intellectual, which is the disillusionment of Liang Shuming's moral ideal, and his new Confucian ethics has not been finally realized. Although Liang Shuming's rural construction thought and practice still left a lot of experience for us, on the one hand, it expands the traditional Confucian ethics. The practical character made Confucianism no longer a pure Book Theory; on the other hand, the rural construction movement enlightened the current construction of the new countryside, including the promotion of the intellectuals to go to the countryside, the promotion of democracy and the quality of rights. In order to revive the Chinese culture's aspiration, and to apply the ideal of its own salvation and prosperity, although the rural construction movement failed, this attempt to expand the Confucian ethics and culture will not terminate and the rural practice ethics will be an unfinished business. The thesis is divided into six parts: the first part is introduction, explaining the rural construction of Liang Shuming. The second part mainly explains the course of Liang Shuming's academic thought, expounds the utilitarianism of Liang Shuming, the thought of Buddhism and Confucianism, and the reasons for the change of his academic thought. The third part mainly explains the reasons for the formation of Liang Shuming's economic ethics and its Confucian classics. The fourth part mainly expounds the historical background of Liang Shuming's rural social ethics thought and the idea of the ideal morality of the future society. The fifth part mainly expounds the political ethics of the rural construction of Liang Shuming. On the basis of comparing the differences between the Chinese and the western politics, Liang Shuming thinks that politics and education should be tied up. The sixth part mainly expounds the failure of Liang Shuming's rural construction, analyzes its reasons, and deeply analyzes its thoughts on the construction of our contemporary society. Finally, the theme of this article is written, although the rural construction movement of Liang Shuming has failed, but the history of rural construction will never be possible. The project of stopping. Understanding the history can make us avoid some mistakes made by our predecessors. Although Liang Shuming's rural construction ended with failure, it is a great attempt for us to provide useful reference for our new rural construction.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B82-052

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