“全面放开二孩”政策的伦理解读

发布时间：2018-07-04 15:15

本文选题：全面放开二孩 + 生育伦理　；参考：《湖南工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思主义认为,人类在进行物质资料再生产的同时也进行着人类身的再生产,而物质资料的生产和人类本身的生产客观上要求保证一定的比例关系,也就是说人口的状况对于社会经济的发展有促进或延缓的作用。一个国家的人口生育政策是调控人类身再生产的重要手段,我国作为世界上人口最多的国家,实行的计划生育政策一直备受关注。“全面放开二孩”政策是我国计划生育政策的子政策,是党和国家对我国计划生育政策的适时调整与完善。一定的历史条件会孕育出特定的生育伦理思想,而生育伦理思想又会对生育政策的制定产生很大的影响。中国古代社会由于生产力水平低下以及以给足为特色的小农经济、战争等诸多因素,“多子多福”的生育伦理思想成了主流。到近代社会,生产力得到解放,国门打开,西方的节制生育思想传入中国,虽未得到有效践行,但是也对传统的生育伦理思想产生了一定的影响;到了现代社会,科技的发展,生产力的提高,使得人类的体力、脑力得到了极大的解放。从而使得人口数量与社会经济发展的相适应显得尤为重要,因此计划生育提上日程,计划生育伦理思想逐渐形成。“全面放开二孩”政策是时代的产物,可以有效的缓解人口红利消失问题、有利于优化我国的人口结构等等,具有伦理的正当性。但是“全面放开二孩”政策在实施的过程中会出现诸如生育权利实现的伦理限度、人口质量与人口数量追求不一致性、辅助生殖技术的双刃性等伦理困境,这些伦理困境更需要积极寻求出路。应该从政府、社会、家庭等多方面、多角度的寻求突破,确保政策的正效应最大化。生育伦理原则是生育政策执行的有效指导,“适度生育”、“优生优育”、“健康生殖”等都是生育伦理的基本原则,但其内涵也不是一成不变的,应该是根据时代的变化不断的丰富、发展,使其更具有时代意义。
[Abstract]:Marxism believes that while human beings are reproducing material materials, they are also engaged in human body reproduction, and the production of material materials and human production itself objectively requires a certain proportional relationship. In other words, the status of the population to the social and economic development has a role in promoting or delaying. The population and fertility policy of a country is an important means to regulate the reproduction of human body. As the most populous country in the world, the family planning policy has been paid much attention to. The policy of "opening up two children in an all-round way" is the child policy of our country's family planning policy, and it is the timely adjustment and perfection of our country's family planning policy by the Party and the country. A certain historical condition will give birth ethics thought, and the birth ethics thought will have the very big influence to the birth policy formulation. In ancient China, due to the low level of productive forces, small peasant economy with sufficient characteristics, war and many other factors, the idea of fertility ethics of "more children and more blessings" became the mainstream. In modern society, the productive forces were liberated and the country's doors were opened. Although the western idea of birth control was introduced into China, it was not effectively practiced, but it also had a certain impact on the traditional thinking of reproductive ethics; by the time of the development of modern society, science and technology, The improvement of productivity greatly liberates human's physical and mental power. So it is very important for population to adapt to the development of social economy, so family planning is on the agenda, and family planning ethics is gradually formed. The policy of "opening the two children in an all-round way" is the product of the times, which can effectively alleviate the problem of the disappearance of the population dividend, help to optimize the population structure of our country, and have ethical legitimacy. However, in the process of implementing the policy of "fully liberalizing the two-child", such ethical difficulties as the ethical limits of the realization of reproductive rights, the inconsistency between population quality and population quantity, the double-edged nature of assisted reproductive technology, and so on will arise. These ethical dilemmas need to actively seek a way out. We should seek breakthrough from government, society, family and so on, to ensure the maximization of the positive effect of policy. The principle of reproductive ethics is an effective guide for the implementation of fertility policy. "moderate fertility", "good birth", "healthy reproduction" and so on are all basic principles of reproductive ethics, but their connotations are not fixed. Should be in accordance with the changes of the times constantly rich, development, so that it has more significance of the times.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-05

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