中国当代伦理学的理论困境

发布时间：2018-07-12 17:43

本文选题：伦理学 + 客观主义　；参考：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年04期

【摘要】：现实生活的道德困境在很大程度上可以理解为中国当代伦理学的理论困境的逻辑结局或结果。中国当代伦理学的理论困境突出地表现为本体论上的客观主义、认识论上的科学主义、方法论上的规范主义和目的论上的实用主义。本体论上的客观主义把道德的善与恶当成是外在于人的客观实在,势必否定人作为一个自由存在者的尊严,进而默默地取消行善或弃恶的必要性;克服本体论上的客观主义必须将唯有人才有的道德与唯有人才有的自由关联在一起,充分正视道德的自由基础。认识论上的科学主义选择以科学的模式去揭示作为事实的道德,热衷于去建构伦理学的所谓科学知识体系,势必走向对伦理学的科学定位;超越认识论上的科学主义就必须引入价值论的视野,反思伦理学的知识论倾向,确立道德的价值基础。方法论上的规范主义认定伦理学是作为规范的科学,道德是由道德原则和道德规则构成的规范体系,每个人如果遵循道德规范就必定能够达到善;超越方法论上的规范主义就必须建立起德性论的视野,通过对道德品质的研究揭示作为道德存在的人应该达到的美德境界。目的论上的实用主义认为伦理学作为"实践的科学"是解决各种具体问题的"无所不能"的"好用又适用"的道德工具,势必把"应用"伦理学下降为伦理学"应用";超越目的论上的实用主义就在于指明伦理学的实践智慧在于展示和提炼思考生活问题的普遍原则,为人们追求美好的生活开辟道路。
[Abstract]:The moral dilemma in real life can be understood to a great extent as the logical outcome or result of the theoretical dilemma of contemporary Chinese ethics. The theoretical dilemma of contemporary Chinese ethics is characterized by objectivism in ontology, scientism in epistemology, normalism in methodology and pragmatism in teleology. Ontological objectivism regards moral good and evil as the objective reality of human beings, which is bound to deny the dignity of human beings as a free being, and then silently cancel the necessity of doing good or abandoning evil. To overcome the objectivism in ontology, we must associate the morality of only human being with the freedom of only human beings, and fully face up to the free foundation of morality. The choice of scientism in epistemology reveals the morality as a fact in the mode of science and is keen to construct the so-called scientific knowledge system of ethics, which will inevitably lead to the scientific orientation of ethics. To transcend the scientism in epistemology, we must introduce the field of view of axiology, reflect on the tendency of knowledge theory of ethics, and establish the value foundation of morality. The normative doctrine in methodology holds that ethics is the science of norms, and morality is a normative system composed of moral principles and moral rules. If everyone follows moral norms, they will be able to achieve good. To transcend the normative doctrine in methodology, we must establish the field of view of virtue theory, and through the study of moral quality, we must reveal the virtue realm that should be achieved by the person who exists as morality. Pragmatism in teleology holds that ethics, as a "practical science", is a "versatile and applicable" moral tool for solving various specific problems. The pragmatism beyond Skopos theory is to point out that the practical wisdom of ethics lies in displaying and refining the universal principles of thinking about the problems of life. Open the way for people to pursue a better life.
【作者单位】：湖北大学哲学学院;
【基金】：湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究重大资助项目:14zd012
【分类号】：B82-0

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