孟子与亚里士多德德性思想比较研究
发布时间：2018-07-22 15:49
【摘要】：孟子在中国具有“亚圣”的地位,亚里士多德则是古希腊一位百科全书式的思想家,二人均将德性归于一种品质,在论述德性根源、内涵、修养、意义等方面各具特色。本文主要分四章来讨论。 第一章德性根源主要论述二者德性思想的哲学根源。孟子以性善论作为德性思想的基础,认为人先天本善,各种德性品质先天内在于主体自身之中。亚里士多德从目的论出发,将人的自然禀赋作为一种与现实相对的潜能,德性并不是先天具有的,而是在后天的实践中得到不断的完善。 第二章德性内涵,主要论述德性作为一种品质的具体内容。孟子并未明确提出德性的概念,但从传统德目出发,论述了“仁义礼智”德性品质的内涵及特点。亚里士多德采用排除论证的方法,将德性排除属于情感和能力的可能,明确将其定义为一种品质。 第三章德性修养,主要论述他们的德性修养论。孟子虽然也看到了后天教化对德性修养的作用,提出了个人的内在修养和后天的教化习行的两条具体路径,但更侧重于反身内求的德性修养方法。亚里士多德并不主张先天的道德存在,认为人之德性品质均是在后天行为习惯中生成的。 第四章德性与人生,主要论述主体个性人格和人生幸福的关系。孟子强调在实现主体个性人格的基础上,在整个社会实施仁政,实现类生命价值的完善,达到个人与社会的和谐统一。亚里士多德在论述幸福完满自足基础上,从城邦公正的角度,论述了理想的生活状态和政治形态。
[Abstract]:Mencius has the status of "Asahi" in China, and Aristotle is an encyclopedic thinker in ancient Greece. Both of them attribute virtue to a quality and have their own characteristics in discussing the origin, connotation, cultivation and significance of virtue. This article is mainly divided into four chapters to discuss. The first chapter mainly discusses the philosophical roots of their moral thoughts. Mencius regards the theory of sexual goodness as the basis of virtue thought, and holds that man is inherently good, and all kinds of moral qualities are inherent in the subject itself. Aristotle took the natural endowment of man as a kind of potential relative to reality from the perspective of teleology. Virtue is not innate, but constantly perfected in the practice of the day after tomorrow. The second chapter mainly discusses the connotation of virtue as a kind of quality. Mencius did not clearly put forward the concept of virtue, but from the point of view of traditional morality, he discussed the connotation and characteristics of virtue quality of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom". Aristotle uses the method of excluding argument to exclude virtue from the possibility of emotion and ability, which is clearly defined as a quality. The third chapter mainly discusses their theory of virtue accomplishment. Although Mencius also saw the effect of acquired enlightenment on virtue cultivation, he put forward two specific paths of personal inner cultivation and acquired cultivation, but focused more on the self-cultivation method of moral character sought in the reflexive body. Aristotle does not advocate the innate moral existence. The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between personality and happiness. Mencius emphasizes the realization of the personality of the subject, the implementation of benevolence in the whole society, the perfection of the value of life, and the harmony and unity of the individual and the society. Aristotle discussed the ideal state of life and political form on the basis of happiness and self-sufficiency and from the angle of city-state justice.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B82-091
本文编号：2137964
[Abstract]:Mencius has the status of "Asahi" in China, and Aristotle is an encyclopedic thinker in ancient Greece. Both of them attribute virtue to a quality and have their own characteristics in discussing the origin, connotation, cultivation and significance of virtue. This article is mainly divided into four chapters to discuss. The first chapter mainly discusses the philosophical roots of their moral thoughts. Mencius regards the theory of sexual goodness as the basis of virtue thought, and holds that man is inherently good, and all kinds of moral qualities are inherent in the subject itself. Aristotle took the natural endowment of man as a kind of potential relative to reality from the perspective of teleology. Virtue is not innate, but constantly perfected in the practice of the day after tomorrow. The second chapter mainly discusses the connotation of virtue as a kind of quality. Mencius did not clearly put forward the concept of virtue, but from the point of view of traditional morality, he discussed the connotation and characteristics of virtue quality of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom". Aristotle uses the method of excluding argument to exclude virtue from the possibility of emotion and ability, which is clearly defined as a quality. The third chapter mainly discusses their theory of virtue accomplishment. Although Mencius also saw the effect of acquired enlightenment on virtue cultivation, he put forward two specific paths of personal inner cultivation and acquired cultivation, but focused more on the self-cultivation method of moral character sought in the reflexive body. Aristotle does not advocate the innate moral existence. The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between personality and happiness. Mencius emphasizes the realization of the personality of the subject, the implementation of benevolence in the whole society, the perfection of the value of life, and the harmony and unity of the individual and the society. Aristotle discussed the ideal state of life and political form on the basis of happiness and self-sufficiency and from the angle of city-state justice.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B82-091
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