论道德推理

发布时间：2018-08-07 13:27

【摘要】：作为一种基本的理性能力,推理是人对必然的事物和可能的事物由一个或几个已知的判断作出新判断(结论)的过程。人作为面向未来事情的存在物,是必然要进行推理活动的。对必然事物的判断构成事实推理,对所意愿事物的判断构成价值推理即实践推理;事实推理以万物循以产生的规律为基础,实践推理以万物应该循以产生的规律为前提。而在实践推理的域限内,有以追求快乐和幸福为目的的实践推理,称之为价值性的实践推理;有以考量观念和行为正当性为旨归的实践推理,可称之为有关正当性的实践推理,即道德推理。道德推理乃是德性论的重要组成部分,既是善恶观念的充分运用,又是实践智慧的充分显现。道德推理可能表现于行为的动机、过程和结果中,但其自身却是观念性的活动。道德推理可能伴随着情感体验,但其自身却是理性化的过程。在不同的社会生活语境下,道德推理的适用范围和运行方式是不同的。
[Abstract]:As a basic rational ability, reasoning is the process of making a new judgment (conclusion) by one or more known judgments on the necessary and possible things. People, as an existential thing facing the future, must carry on the reasoning activity. The judgment of the inevitable thing constitutes the factual reasoning, the judgment of the willed thing constitutes the value reasoning that is the practical reasoning; the factual reasoning is based on the law of the creation of all things, and the practical reasoning is based on the law of the creation of all things. Within the limits of practical reasoning, there are practical reasoning aiming at the pursuit of happiness and happiness, which is called value practical reasoning, and practical reasoning aiming at considering the legitimacy of concept and behavior, which can be called practical reasoning about legitimacy. Moral reasoning. Moral reasoning is an important part of virtue theory, which is not only the full use of the concept of good and evil, but also the full manifestation of practical wisdom. Moral reasoning may be manifested in the motivation, process, and result of behavior, but it itself is an idealistic activity. Moral reasoning may be accompanied by emotional experience, but it itself is a rational process. In different social life contexts, the scope and operation of moral reasoning are different.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学哲学与社会学学院;北京师范大学伦理学与道德教育研究所;
【分类号】：B82-0

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