亚里士多德的政治友爱伦理思想研究

发布时间：2018-10-04 23:10

【摘要】：友爱问题无论在传统道德哲学还是古典政治哲学中都是哲学家们关注的重要问题之一,在古希腊罗马哲学表述中也具有重要地位和作用。但由于现代政治哲学与道德哲学的危机使政治学从伦理学中分离,美德与正义走向了对峙的局面,“友爱”也逐渐蜕变为一个边缘性概念。由于当代德性伦理学的复兴和政治领域的社群主义的发展,“友爱”、“正义”与“共同体”的关系问题重新引起了当代学者的关注。在古希腊城邦生活中,亚里士多德的政治友爱既是个人幸福的重要组成部分,又是将城邦共同体凝聚起来的伦理纽带。在当今的法制比较健全的社会中,人类作为政治性的存在仍然需要这种归属于德性的友爱。作为一种德性友爱,它虽因自身之故,但不是为了谋取私利、放纵自己的情感与欲望,而是一种爱之本体即善目的,它由自爱推及到他爱。在城邦共同体政治生活中,德性友爱与正义共同实现了个人幸福与城邦幸福的统一。德性友爱与正义融合了美德与正义,是政治哲学与伦理学的内在联系。本文对亚里士多德的政治友爱伦理思想理论研究是从多个方面展开的。首先,阐释当代的政治与道德困境,试图从亚里士多德的政治友爱思想中寻找一个解决现代性危机的办法。其次,重新回到亚里士多德的政治友爱思想中,解析友爱的内涵、地位、本质,它与自爱的关系,在城邦生活中它是怎样实现个人的善与城邦的善的统一。最后,针对现代道德危机,有针对性的构思自己的理论观点和解决路径,为解决现代道德哲学危机存在的问题提出新的思路和研究方法。
[Abstract]:The issue of fraternity is one of the most important issues which philosophers pay attention to in both traditional moral philosophy and classical political philosophy. It also plays an important role in the expression of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy. However, due to the crisis of modern political philosophy and moral philosophy, political science is separated from ethics, virtue and justice are facing each other, and "fraternity" has gradually changed into a marginal concept. Due to the revival of contemporary virtue ethics and the development of communitarianism in political field, the relationship between "fraternity", "justice" and "community" has attracted the attention of contemporary scholars. In ancient Greek city-state life, Aristotle's political fraternity is not only an important part of individual happiness, but also an ethical bond that condenses the city-state community. In today's society where the legal system is relatively sound, human beings, as a political existence, still need this virtue of fraternity. As a kind of virtue and friendship, it is not for personal gain and indulgence of one's own emotion and desire, but for the purpose of good, which is from self-love to his love. In the political life of the city-state community, virtue friendship and justice realize the unity of individual happiness and polis happiness. Virtue, fraternity and justice, which combine virtue and justice, are the inner link between political philosophy and ethics. This paper studies Aristotle's theory of political fraternity ethics from many aspects. First of all, it explains the contemporary political and moral dilemma and tries to find a solution to the crisis of modernity from Aristotle's thought of political fraternity. Secondly, returning to Aristotle's thought of political fraternity, analyzing the connotation, status and essence of fraternity, the relationship between it and self-love, how to realize the unity of personal goodness and city-state goodness in the life of city-state. Finally, aiming at the modern moral crisis, the author puts forward some new ideas and research methods to solve the problems existing in the crisis of modern moral philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-051

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