工程实践活动中公众的伦理责任研究
发布时间：2018-11-05 09:06
【摘要】：不可否认,在工程伦理学中存在着一个极为重要的话题,即伦理责任,一系列复杂的伦理问题尽涉及其中。工程实践活动中公众的伦理责任问题是在此文章中主要关注方面。就此话题来说,迄今为止,一些人认为,工程的伦理责任问题就是工程师或者传统工程主体的伦理责任问题,而淡化甚至忽略了工程共同体中社会公众此类群体这一关键的工程参与成员,作为利益相关者的公众群体,在工程实践活动中应履行哪些伦理责任?公众在履行责任时会遇到哪些伦理困境?公众的这些伦理责任的保障和实现何以可能?如何平衡公众伦理责任实现的两难困境?工程实践活动涵盖了决策主体的界定、决策主体的决策行为、设计行为、操作实施行为及过程评价行为等若干个过程环节。在此每个过程中,工程主体的相关者不仅需要顾及到自身个体的利益,同时更要兼顾到人类的整体利益。实际上,这是一种相互冲突的现象,对这两者之间而言,客观上从利益相关者角度驱动了公众这一群体在工程实践活动中伦理责任的显现和行为的发生。要求传统决策主体为了保护自然环境和维护公众利益,需将自身利益选择性让渡,鼓励公众伦理责任的积极显现和发生,对此,可通过公众参与等形式发生和表达公众在工程实践活动中的伦理责任。 但是,这种发生和表达不单单会在决策行为的展开中也将遭遇伦理责任问题,同时在工程实践进程中的各阶段将遭遇相同的问题情形。显而易见,即在操作实施过程中,工程决策主体承担着双重使命：其一,要他们负责于雇主,其二,要他们负责于公众的利益,例如：福祉、健康等。这就导致了公众在工程实践活动中知情、监督、诉求表达、参与决策等伦理责任保障和实现可能性的两难和困境。 对此,公众伦理责任的主要内容以及此部分群体在履行伦理责任过程中遭遇的各种困境,我们必须予以了解和知晓,公众的伦理责任困境必须明确,将公众迈出此方面困境的可能性出路予以提出。为此,提出了这样几点建议：加强完善普通公众保障知情权、监督权、表达权等伦理责任的参与机制,构建工程决策一体化框架,建立并完善工程决策伦理机制,建立健全公众伦理责任发生的媒体宣传及舆论监督机制,借助教育深化公众的工程伦理意识。
[Abstract]:Undeniably, there is an extremely important topic in engineering ethics, that is, ethical responsibility, in which a series of complex ethical issues are involved. The issue of public ethical responsibility in engineering practice is the main concern in this article. On this topic, so far, some people think that the ethical responsibility of engineering is the ethical responsibility of engineers or traditional engineering subjects. What ethical responsibilities should be performed in the engineering practice as the public members of the engineering community, as the key members of the engineering community, as stakeholders? What ethical dilemmas do the public encounter in fulfilling their responsibilities? How can the protection and realization of these ethical responsibilities of the public be possible? How to balance the dilemma of public ethical responsibility? Engineering practice includes the definition of decision body, decision-making behavior, design behavior, operational implementation behavior and process evaluation behavior, and so on. In each process, the stakeholders of the engineering subject should not only take into account their own individual interests, but also take into account the overall interests of human beings. In fact, this is a conflicting phenomenon, which objectively drives the public, from the perspective of stakeholders, to the emergence of ethical responsibility and the occurrence of behavior in engineering practice. In order to protect the natural environment and protect the public interests, the traditional decision makers should give away their own interests selectively and encourage the public ethical responsibility to appear and occur actively. The ethical responsibility of the public in engineering practice can be expressed through public participation and other forms. However, this kind of occurrence and expression will not only encounter the ethical responsibility problem in the process of decision making, but also will encounter the same problem in every stage of the engineering practice process. It is obvious that in the process of operation and implementation, the project decision makers have a dual mission: first, to hold them responsible to the employers, and second, to be responsible for the public interests, such as welfare, health, etc. This leads to the dilemmas and dilemmas of the public's knowledge, supervision, expression of demands, participation in decision-making and the possibility of ensuring and realizing ethical responsibilities in engineering practice. In view of this, the main content of public ethical responsibility and all kinds of difficulties encountered by this group in the process of carrying out ethical responsibility must be understood and understood, and the dilemma of public ethical responsibility must be clearly defined. A possible way out for the public to step out of this dilemma. Therefore, some suggestions are put forward as follows: to strengthen and perfect the participation mechanism of the public's ethical responsibility, such as the right to know, the right to supervise and the right to express, to construct an integrated framework of engineering decision-making, and to establish and perfect the ethical mechanism of engineering decision-making. To establish and perfect the media propaganda and public opinion supervision mechanism of public ethical responsibility, and deepen the public's engineering ethics consciousness by means of education.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B82-057
本文编号：2311592
[Abstract]:Undeniably, there is an extremely important topic in engineering ethics, that is, ethical responsibility, in which a series of complex ethical issues are involved. The issue of public ethical responsibility in engineering practice is the main concern in this article. On this topic, so far, some people think that the ethical responsibility of engineering is the ethical responsibility of engineers or traditional engineering subjects. What ethical responsibilities should be performed in the engineering practice as the public members of the engineering community, as the key members of the engineering community, as stakeholders? What ethical dilemmas do the public encounter in fulfilling their responsibilities? How can the protection and realization of these ethical responsibilities of the public be possible? How to balance the dilemma of public ethical responsibility? Engineering practice includes the definition of decision body, decision-making behavior, design behavior, operational implementation behavior and process evaluation behavior, and so on. In each process, the stakeholders of the engineering subject should not only take into account their own individual interests, but also take into account the overall interests of human beings. In fact, this is a conflicting phenomenon, which objectively drives the public, from the perspective of stakeholders, to the emergence of ethical responsibility and the occurrence of behavior in engineering practice. In order to protect the natural environment and protect the public interests, the traditional decision makers should give away their own interests selectively and encourage the public ethical responsibility to appear and occur actively. The ethical responsibility of the public in engineering practice can be expressed through public participation and other forms. However, this kind of occurrence and expression will not only encounter the ethical responsibility problem in the process of decision making, but also will encounter the same problem in every stage of the engineering practice process. It is obvious that in the process of operation and implementation, the project decision makers have a dual mission: first, to hold them responsible to the employers, and second, to be responsible for the public interests, such as welfare, health, etc. This leads to the dilemmas and dilemmas of the public's knowledge, supervision, expression of demands, participation in decision-making and the possibility of ensuring and realizing ethical responsibilities in engineering practice. In view of this, the main content of public ethical responsibility and all kinds of difficulties encountered by this group in the process of carrying out ethical responsibility must be understood and understood, and the dilemma of public ethical responsibility must be clearly defined. A possible way out for the public to step out of this dilemma. Therefore, some suggestions are put forward as follows: to strengthen and perfect the participation mechanism of the public's ethical responsibility, such as the right to know, the right to supervise and the right to express, to construct an integrated framework of engineering decision-making, and to establish and perfect the ethical mechanism of engineering decision-making. To establish and perfect the media propaganda and public opinion supervision mechanism of public ethical responsibility, and deepen the public's engineering ethics consciousness by means of education.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B82-057
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