人类药物增强的伦理问题研究

发布时间：2019-03-28 12:00

【摘要】：人类利用技术手段直接增强自身能力的愿望已经慢慢变成现实。药物增强作为人类增强的一种类型已经受到广泛关注。人类试图利用药物来增强自身的认知、情感、体能、基因,使其比目前更健康和幸福,然而对其带来的诸多伦理问题并没有给予足够的重视。药物增强以其简单易行的便捷方式受到了人们的青睐,但也由于其技术本身的特殊性而饱受争议。本文从药物增强的两个基本特点,即“目的性高于治疗”和“需将药物摄入体内”出发,对药物增强的概念进行了具体的界定,并将药物增强分为“认知的药物增强”、“情感的药物增强”、“体能的药物增强”、“基因的药物增强”四种类型,让人们更进一步了解药物增强的强大功能。药物增强的研究对象毕竟是人,其目的是通过改变人体的机体水平来使人的功能达到正常值以上,这就使得药物增强在关于“自主和尊严”、“健康和安全”、“公正和平等”、“成瘾和自主”等问题上引发了广泛的伦理争议。造成这些问题的原因主要是,科技力量的异化、人性需求的扭曲、以及技术本身存在的风险不确定性。由此,文章认为,对于药物增强所引发的伦理问题可以遵从“行善”、“尊重自主”、“不伤害”以及“公正原则”等基本原则,实现“用技术与理性捍卫生命尊严”,“设立相关法规加强监督”,“营造公正平等的药物分配环境”以及“避免药物依赖、加强伦理审查”。文章主体结构分为四部分:第一部分绪论,介绍研究目的和意义、国内外的研究现状,以及文章的写作方法和创新之处。第二部分是论述的理论基础和理论前提,对药物增强做出基本的概念界定和类型分类,并阐释了药物增强的发展现状及应用前景。第三部分主要对药物增强所引发的伦理问题及其原因进行分析。第四部分主要阐述了药物增强应该遵循的生命伦理原则以及对其产生伦理问题的解决措施。
[Abstract]:The desire of human beings to use technical means to directly enhance their capabilities has gradually become a reality. Drug enhancement as a type of human enhancement has been widely concerned. Human beings try to use drugs to enhance their cognition, emotion, physical ability and genes to make them healthier and happier than they are at present. However, they do not pay enough attention to the many ethical problems it brings. Drug enhancement has been favored by people because of its simple and convenient way, but it has also been controversial because of the particularity of its technology. Starting from the two basic characteristics of drug enhancement, that is, "aim higher than treatment" and "need to take drugs into the body", the concept of drug enhancement is defined in detail, and drug enhancement is divided into "cognitive drug enhancement". Four types of "emotional drug enhancement", "physical drug enhancement" and "gene drug enhancement" give people a better understanding of the powerful function of drug enhancement. The subject of drug enhancement is, after all, a person, whose aim is to achieve a normal level of human function by changing the level of the human body, which leads to drug enhancement in terms of "autonomy and dignity", "health and safety," "Justice and equality", "addiction and autonomy" and other issues have aroused wide-ranging ethical controversy. The main causes of these problems are the alienation of scientific and technological forces, the distortion of human needs, and the risk uncertainty of technology itself. Therefore, the article holds that the ethical issues arising from drug enhancement can comply with the basic principles of "doing good", "respecting autonomy", "not harming" and "the principle of justice," and realizing "safeguarding the dignity of life with technology and reason". "establish laws and regulations to strengthen oversight", "create a fair and equitable drug distribution environment" and "avoid drug dependence, strengthen ethical scrutiny". The main structure of the article is divided into four parts: the first part is introduction, introduces the purpose and significance of the research, the current research situation at home and abroad, as well as the writing method and innovation of the article. The second part is the theoretical basis and premise of the discussion, make the basic concept definition and classification of drug enhancement, and explain the development status and application prospect of drug enhancement. The third part mainly analyzes the ethical problems caused by drug enhancement and its causes. The fourth part mainly expounds the bioethical principles that drug enhancement should follow and the solutions to its ethical problems.
【学位授予单位】：锦州医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-057

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