旁观者现象的道德困境及其消解路径研究

发布时间：2019-03-30 10:08

【摘要】：人类社会是不断发展进步的历史过程,建立互助、平等、诚信、友善的理想社会,是人类孜孜以求的美好理想。然而在追求理想的发展过程中,总要付出道德的代价,伴随着人类道德的困惑和阵痛。旁观者现象是当前社会道德领域的负面现象之一,应当引起我们的注意,其不仅影响社会秩序的正常运转,也影响着社会主义和谐社会的构建。因此,加强对旁观者现象的关注和研究,分析其产生原因并从中找到解决方式具有重大意义。文章以伦理学理论为基础,并借鉴社会学、心理学等相关学科知识,对旁观者现象问题进行全面系统的分析研究。除导论外,文章主要从以下几个方面进行展开研究。首先是对旁观者现象的相关概念及理论进行阐释。从旁观者的内涵、特征和类型等角度对旁观者的概念进行阐释;进而又阐释了旁观者现象的概念,接着从德性和心理等方面对旁观者现象的理论进行分析。其次是分析旁观者现象的危害。旁观者现象的危害主要有使人际关系疏远、使社会道德功利化、对道德教育的负影响等。再次是基于现实社会旁观者现象的道德困境,展开成因分析。分析和总结当下社会旁观者现象的道德困境,并将其归纳为道德评价失范、道德控制弱化和非道德主义泛滥。在此基础上,挖掘旁观者现象产生的根源,旁观者现象作为一种社会的负面现象,其形成原因是多方面的,主要从主体和社会等角度进行研究。主体道德原因主要有道德认知缺陷、道德情感淡薄、道德意志薄弱、道德信念弱化等原因;另外从社会道德角度对旁观者现象进行分析,传统文化消极因素的影响、社会道德价值观导向紊乱、社会道德支持的相对不足、大众传媒的不良舆论导向等是旁观者现象产生的社会道德原因。总之,旁观者现象的产生是多种因素综合作用的结果。最后是寻求消解旁观者现象的伦理路径。文章指出消解旁观者现象需要坚持的原则,即自律与笃行原则和规范与自主原则。在消解旁观者现象的具体路径方面,要加强主体道德修养,通过深化道德认知、扩大道德感染、加强道德内化、促进道德升华和践行道德行为等来恢复道德主体的健康品质;另外还要改善社会道德环境,通过弘扬传统道德的现代价值、发挥道德榜样的示范作用、培育社会主义核心价值观、提高全民的社会公德意识和加强社会道德的支持力度等来改善社会道德风尚。
[Abstract]:Human society is a historical process of continuous development and progress, and the establishment of an ideal society of mutual assistance, equality, good faith and friendliness is a good ideal for mankind to strive for. However, in the pursuit of ideal development, always pay the moral price, accompanied by the confusion and pain of human morality. The phenomenon of bystander is one of the negative phenomena in the field of social morality, which should be paid attention to. It not only affects the normal operation of social order, but also affects the construction of socialist harmonious society. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the attention and study of the bystander phenomenon, to analyze its causes and to find solutions from it. Based on the theory of ethics and the related knowledge of sociology and psychology, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the problem of bystander phenomenon. In addition to the introduction, the article mainly from the following aspects to carry on the research. The first is to explain the related concepts and theories of bystander phenomenon. This paper explains the concept of bystander from the point of view of connotation, characteristics and types of bystander, and then explains the concept of bystander phenomenon, and then analyzes the theory of bystander phenomenon from the aspects of virtue and psychology. The next is to analyze the harm of bystander phenomenon. The harm of bystander phenomenon is the alienation of interpersonal relationship, the utilitarianism of social morality, the negative influence on moral education and so on. Thirdly, based on the moral dilemma of the bystander phenomenon in the real society, the cause of formation is analyzed. This paper analyzes and summarizes the moral predicament of the bystander phenomenon in the present society, and sums it up as the loss of moral evaluation, the weakening of moral control and the proliferation of non-moralism. On this basis, the origin of bystander phenomenon is excavated. As a negative phenomenon of society, the causes of bystander phenomenon are various, mainly from the perspective of subject and society. The main moral reasons are moral cognitive defect, weak moral emotion, weak moral will, weakening moral belief and so on. In addition, it analyzes the phenomenon of bystander from the angle of social morality, the influence of negative factors of traditional culture, the disorder of social moral value orientation, and the relative shortage of social moral support. The bad public opinion orientation of mass media is the social moral reason of bystander phenomenon. In a word, the appearance of bystander phenomenon is the result of the comprehensive action of many factors. Finally, the ethical path to resolve the bystander phenomenon is sought. This paper points out that the principle of self-discipline and practice and the principle of norm and autonomy should be adhered to eliminate the phenomenon of bystander. In order to clear up the bystander phenomenon, we should strengthen the moral cultivation of the subject, deepen the moral cognition, enlarge the moral infection, strengthen the moral internalization, promote the moral sublimation and practice the moral behavior to restore the healthy quality of the moral subject. In addition, we should improve the social moral environment, carry forward the modern value of traditional morality, give play to the exemplary role of moral role models, and foster socialist core values. To improve the social moral fashion, we should enhance the public morality consciousness of the whole people and strengthen the support of the social morality.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-0

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