论古今视域转换下的“人禽之辨”——理解现代人性危机的一个新视点
发布时间：2019-04-17 14:03
【摘要】：探讨人性问题往往离不开"人禽之辨"。"人禽之辨"的古今视域有根本不同,古人在理解人性时格外强调"人禽之别",而今人则多持"人兽之共性"。古人的世界观中始终有一超越维度(天道、圣神等),人性主要不是经验自然意义上的认知—理论对象,而是高于一般动物性、希求形上超越的道德—实践存在。"人禽之辨"绝非仅是经验事实之辨,而更多的是存在价值之辨。今人则深受启蒙实证主义的强烈影响,经验之实证乃是现代理性所委任的唯一法庭;"人禽之辨"仅在前一种意义上合法,而后者(存在价值之辨)却日益淹没于一片"反形而上学"呼声中。没有了终极目的与价值指引,人性非但无法超出动物性以向上提升,反有降至动物性水平甚而更低的危险。现代人性的普遍平庸及其与道德应然的根本分裂乃是今日"人与兽趋同"的必然结局。
[Abstract]:To probe into the problem of human nature is often inseparable from the distinction between man and bird. There are fundamental differences in the ancient and modern perspectives of the differentiation between man and bird. In understanding human nature, the ancients put emphasis on the difference between man and bird, while today man holds the commonness of man and beast. There is always a transcendental dimension in the ancient world view (heavenly way, saints, etc.). Human nature is not the cognitive-theoretical object in the sense of experience and nature, but higher than the general animal nature, hoping for the moral-practical existence of metaphysical transcendence. " The differentiation between man and bird is not only the identification of the experience facts, but also the existence value. Today, people are deeply influenced by the enlightenment positivism, and empirical evidence is the only court appointed by modern reason. "the differentiation between man and bird" is only legal in the former sense, while the latter is increasingly submerged in the voice of "anti-metaphysics". Without the ultimate purpose and value guidance, human nature is not beyond animal nature to ascend upward, but is in danger of falling to animal level or even lower. The universal mediocrity of modern human nature and its fundamental division from morality are the inevitable outcome of today's convergence of man and beast.
【作者单位】： 复旦大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B82-061
本文编号：2459515
[Abstract]:To probe into the problem of human nature is often inseparable from the distinction between man and bird. There are fundamental differences in the ancient and modern perspectives of the differentiation between man and bird. In understanding human nature, the ancients put emphasis on the difference between man and bird, while today man holds the commonness of man and beast. There is always a transcendental dimension in the ancient world view (heavenly way, saints, etc.). Human nature is not the cognitive-theoretical object in the sense of experience and nature, but higher than the general animal nature, hoping for the moral-practical existence of metaphysical transcendence. " The differentiation between man and bird is not only the identification of the experience facts, but also the existence value. Today, people are deeply influenced by the enlightenment positivism, and empirical evidence is the only court appointed by modern reason. "the differentiation between man and bird" is only legal in the former sense, while the latter is increasingly submerged in the voice of "anti-metaphysics". Without the ultimate purpose and value guidance, human nature is not beyond animal nature to ascend upward, but is in danger of falling to animal level or even lower. The universal mediocrity of modern human nature and its fundamental division from morality are the inevitable outcome of today's convergence of man and beast.
【作者单位】： 复旦大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B82-061
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