犯罪黑数研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 06:27

本文选题：犯罪黑数 + 刑事诉讼　；参考：《烟台大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 犯罪黑数,又称犯罪隐数或犯罪暗数,是指一个国家或地区一定时期内,社会上已经发生但尚未被司法机关获知或没有被纳入官方犯罪统计的刑事犯罪案件的数量。对犯罪黑数的研究,可以了解公民成为犯罪被害者的危险程度,调查公民对社会治安状况的满意程度,可以进一步了解执法机关的执法水平,并且为刑事的政策的制定提供参考。西方的犯罪黑数研究更多偏重于社会学以及刑事政策学的探讨,本文将突破传统的研究方法,重点考察现行刑事诉讼制度的各阶段可能产生犯罪黑数的原因,并且结合我国的特有的制度(劳动教养制度)以及治安管理处罚制度,阐述犯罪黑数的产生原因,并且论述减少犯罪黑数所应该采取的具体措施。论文共分五个部分: 第一部分阐述犯罪黑数的基本范畴。从犯罪黑数的概念谈起,具体论述犯罪黑数的分类以及特性,并且将详细论述研究犯罪黑数的意义以及局限性。第二部分阐述当前西方犯罪黑数的研究状况。最早提出犯罪黑数的概念以及最早对其进行详细研究的都是西方的一些学者,尤其以德国和美国的研究最有代表性。因此,分析德国和美国学者的研究方法以及研究成果,将能使本文的论述更有理论基础。第三部分将介绍我国犯罪黑数的现状以及有其带来的危害性。由于犯罪黑数不能够统计得出,其只是一个估计数字,只能通过现有统计的犯罪数量并且通过一定的方法估测得到。根据公安机关的统计数字并且结合西方犯罪黑数的理论成果以及我国的基本国情,将呈现给读者我国的犯罪黑数现状。第四部分是本文的重点,将探讨产生犯罪黑数的原因。立案阶段犯罪黑数的产生原因主要是被害人不愿意报案以及司法机关的立案不实;侦查阶段犯罪黑数的产生原因则主要是侦查机关破案率低以及其错误撤销案件所致;起诉阶段犯罪黑数的产生原因是由于检察机关对应当起诉的案件作不起诉处理;审判阶段犯罪黑数的产生则是现有法院的某些制度不尽合理以及法官对犯罪的认识标准(即在实体正义标准下)作出无罪判决进而导致犯罪隐案。此外,还将探讨存在于被错误的予以劳动教养以及治安处罚中的犯罪隐案,进一步阐述犯罪隐案的发生原因。第五部分在上文分析了可能产生犯罪黑数的原因的基础上,具体分析减少犯罪黑数的一些具体措施。主要提出完善我国刑事诉讼制度的建议,并且提出减少劳动教养以及治安处罚中的犯罪隐案的措施。
[Abstract]:Crime black number, also called crime hidden number or crime hidden number, refers to the number of criminal cases that have occurred in a certain period of time in a country or region, but have not been known by the judicial authorities or have not been included in the official crime statistics. The study of the black number of crimes can help us to understand the degree of danger that citizens become victims of crime, to investigate the degree of satisfaction of citizens with the public security situation, and to further understand the level of law enforcement by law enforcement agencies. And provides the reference for the criminal policy formulation. The study of black number of crimes in the West is more focused on the discussion of sociology and criminal policy. This paper will break through the traditional research methods and focus on the reasons why the black number of crimes may occur in various stages of the current criminal procedure system. Combined with our country's special system (reeducation through labor system) and the punishment system of public security management, this paper expounds the causes of the black number of crimes, and discusses the concrete measures to be taken to reduce the black number of crimes. The thesis is divided into five parts: The first part expounds the basic category of crime black number. Starting from the concept of crime black number, the classification and characteristics of crime black number are discussed in detail, and the significance and limitation of studying crime black number are discussed in detail. The second part elaborates the current western crime black number research situation. Some western scholars put forward the concept of black number of crime and studied it in detail, especially in Germany and the United States. Therefore, the analysis of the research methods and results of German and American scholars will provide a more theoretical basis for this thesis. The third part will introduce our country crime black number present situation and has its harmfulness. Because the black number of crime can not be counted, it is only an estimate, which can only be estimated by the number of crimes counted and by a certain method. According to the statistics of public security organs and the theoretical results of western crime black numbers and the basic conditions of our country, the present situation of crime black numbers will be presented to readers. The fourth part is the focus of this paper, will explore the reasons for the black number of crime. The main reasons for the black number of crime in the filing stage are the victims' unwillingness to report the crime and the false record of the judicial organs, while the causes of the black number of crimes in the investigation stage are mainly due to the low detection rate of the investigation organs and the wrong revocation of the cases. The reason for the black number of crimes in the prosecution stage is that the procuratorial organs do not prosecute the cases that should be prosecuted; The black number of crimes in the trial stage is due to the fact that some systems of the existing courts are unreasonable and that the judges' standard of understanding the crime (i.e. under the standard of substantive justice) makes the acquittal and leads to the concealment of the crime. In addition, it will discuss the hidden cases of crime existing in the punishment of reeducation through labor and the punishment of public security, and further explain the causes of the hidden cases. In the fifth part, on the basis of analyzing the possible reasons of the black number of crime, the author analyzes some concrete measures to reduce the black number of the crime. This paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the criminal procedure system in our country, and puts forward some measures to reduce the hidden cases of crime in the punishment of reeducation through labor and public security.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D917;D915.3

【引证文献】