构建中国的司法鉴定体制

发布时间：2018-05-06 14:05

本文选题：司法鉴定 + 构建　；参考：《中国政法大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：随着我国司法改革的深化，鉴定制度逐渐显现出滞后的趋势，出现了许多与诉讼价值目标、庭审方式改革、证据制度的发展不相适应的情况。种种弊端，严重损害了鉴定的严肃性，也与我国司法改革所追求的公正与效率的诉讼价值目标相悖。同时，伴随科技的进步，鉴定结论在诉讼活动中的地位和作用日益突出，加之公民法律意识不断提高，，也积极呼唤尽早建立科学、规范、独立、公正、高效的司法鉴定体制。笔者拟通过对我国现行司法鉴定体制的剖析，借鉴国外司法鉴定体制中的有益之处，提出我国司法鉴定体制中各环节的改革方案，力图为我国构建起具有中国特色、高效、公正、合法的司法鉴定体制提供理论支持。第一部分，导论。该部分从四个方面引导出本文所要阐述的内容。其一为立论，从构建司法鉴定体制的重要性和必要性两个方面，提出了我国司法鉴定制度有待构建的论文主题，并简述了本文的选题和写作目的。其二为溯源，分别考证了我国和国外司法鉴定制度的历史沿革，介绍了古今中外司法鉴定及其制度方面的主要成果及法律规范。其三为观察，依据各国的司法制度，特别是诉讼制度和证据制度的特点，分析了司法鉴定制度表现的不同的形式。其四为关联，以分析人类司法证明的演进为基础，论证了科技领域的第三次技术革命给依托于科学方法的司法鉴定技术带来了前所未有的机遇与挑战。第二部分，司法鉴定基本理论。首先分析了在我国理论界素有争论的司鉴定的概念，其手法采用了以国外两大法系的司法鉴定和专家证词定义的理念为依托，介绍我国学者提出的典型学说为基础，将其归纳为司法程序划分说和鉴定职能划分说以阐明各自的性质，论证了笔者对于《决定》中司法鉴定的概念的不同意见。并阐述了司法鉴定的性质和特征。第三部分，鉴定人的双重性质。在分别论述了大陆法系国家分立式原则的影响和英美法系国家专家证人之借鉴之后，笔者提出了中国司法鉴定人的法官
[Abstract]:With the deepening of judicial reform in our country, the appraisal system gradually shows the trend of lagging behind, and there are many cases which are not suitable for the goal of litigation value, the reform of trial mode and the development of evidence system. All kinds of malpractices seriously impair the seriousness of appraisal and run counter to the goal of justice and efficiency of judicial reform in our country. At the same time, along with the progress of science and technology, the status and function of the appraisal conclusion in the litigation activities is increasingly prominent, and the citizen's legal consciousness is constantly improving, and it also calls for the establishment of scientific, normative, independent, impartial and efficient judicial appraisal system as soon as possible. Through the analysis of the current judicial identification system in our country, and drawing on the beneficial points of the foreign judicial expertise system, the author proposes the reform scheme of each link in the judicial identification system of our country, in order to construct the system with Chinese characteristics and high efficiency for our country. A fair and lawful system of judicial expertise provides theoretical support. The first part, introduction. This part leads to the content of this article from four aspects. The first is an argument, from the two aspects of the importance and necessity of the construction of the judicial identification system, this paper puts forward the subject of the thesis to be constructed in our country, and briefly describes the topic and writing purpose of this paper. The second part is to trace back to the history of the judicial identification system in China and abroad, and to introduce the main achievements and legal norms of judicial expertise and its system in ancient and modern China and abroad. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the judicial system, especially the litigation system and the evidence system, the author analyzes the different forms of the judicial expertise system. Fourthly, based on the analysis of the evolution of human judicial proof, the third technological revolution in the field of science and technology has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the forensic expertise technology based on scientific methods. The second part, the basic theory of judicial expertise. Firstly, this paper analyzes the concept of division appraisal, which has been debated in the theoretical circle of our country, and introduces the typical theories put forward by Chinese scholars based on the concept of the definition of judicial identification and expert testimony of the two major legal systems of foreign countries. It is summed up as the theory of judicial procedure division and the theory of functional division of identification to clarify their respective properties, and demonstrates the author's different opinions on the concept of judicial expertise in decision >. And elaborated the nature and the characteristic of the judicial appraisal. The third part, the double nature of appraiser. After discussing the influence of the separation principle of civil law countries and the reference of expert witnesses in Anglo-American law system, the author puts forward the judge of Chinese judicial expert.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D918.9

【引证文献】