未成年人犯罪刑事政策研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 07:41

本文选题：未成年人犯罪 + 刑事政策　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事政策作为现代国家刑事司法领域中的核心问题,在打击犯罪、维护社会秩序方面起到了不可替代的作用。对于未成年人犯罪而言,科学、合理的刑事政策能有效地提高改造质量、减少重新犯罪的几率。在我国,虽然主张“宽严相济”,“教育为主、惩罚为辅”的未成年人犯罪刑事政策,但是立法上对未成年人犯罪的处理规定很多是在参照成年人犯罪的基础上再“宽”一些,很少有体现针对未成年人犯罪独特的刑事政策,这一点在刑事实体法上表现的尤为突出。实践中司法机关不易把握“宽”与“严”的度,往往走进了“该宽不宽”、“当严不严”的两种误区。因此,当务之急是进一步完善我国的未成年人犯罪刑事政策。本文采取刑法学意义上的狭义“犯罪”概念,试图从我国未成年人犯罪刑事政策的发展历程、刑事立法、司法、执行等方面叙述分析我国目前对未成年人犯罪的刑事政策、存在的问题以及如何完善。本文共分为四部分,具体安排如下：第一部为未成年人犯罪及其刑事政策概述。以年龄为界限阐述了未成年人犯罪的概念；把刑事政策分为宏观刑事政策和微观刑事政策、实然刑事政策和应然刑事政策两大类；回顾了我国从古至今对未成年人犯罪刑事政策的演变历程,从而为后面重点部分做铺垫。第二部分为我国未成年人犯罪刑事立法政策。指出制定未成年人犯罪立法政策的意义,阐述了我国未成年人犯罪实然刑事立法政策主要体现在对未成年人刑事责任年龄的规定、对未成年人犯罪从轻或减轻处罚的原则性规定、特别的量刑制度(如累犯消灭制度、应当适用缓刑的情形)以及特定条件下前科报告免除制度的规定上；评述了我国未成年人刑事立法政策,指出了不足之处；建议当下应在我国《刑法》中设置有关未成年人犯罪的专门章节,尤其要从明确未成年人犯罪概念、处罚原则方面着手完善非刑罚制度、建立前科消灭制度。第三部分为我国未成年人犯罪刑事司法政策。通过对建立未成年人刑事司法政策意义的描述指出我国当前对未成年人犯罪刑事司法政策体现在庭审前和审判时两个阶段中：前一阶段有分别羁押、慎用批捕权、接受询问时法定代理人可在场等政策,后一阶段有不公开审理、法定代理人参与庭审、强制指定辩护等政策。接着评述了我国未成年人刑事司法,指出应然的刑事司法政策(引入暂缓起诉制度、暂缓判决制度、社区服务令)应当向实然的刑事司法政策转变。第四部分为我国未成年人犯罪刑事执行政策。我国对未成年人刑事执行政策体现在监所内与监所外两个方面。通过对监所内刑事执行政策的阐述指出当前我国监狱设置不合理、对未成年人犯罪处理存在.“一刀切”的弊端,并由此提出促进监所设置合理化、扩大未成年犯监所行刑的社会参与的建议。通过对我国的非监禁刑制度和社区矫正制度的阐述指出对未成年犯而言,我国存在非监禁刑种单一、适用率低等不足。因此提出完善管制刑的执行,完善缓刑、假释的执行,完善我国的社区矫正制度等应然措施。
[Abstract]:As a core issue in the field of criminal justice in modern countries , criminal policy plays an irreplaceable role in fighting crime and maintaining social order .

The first part is the summary of juvenile delinquency and its criminal policy .
The criminal policy is divided into the macro - criminal policy and the micro - criminal policy , the actual criminal policy and the corresponding criminal policy ;
This paper reviews the history of criminal policy of juvenile delinquency in our country from ancient times to date , so as to pave the way for the latter .

The second part is the criminal legislation policy of juvenile delinquency in our country . It points out the significance of the legislation policy of juvenile delinquency .
The policy of juvenile criminal legislation in our country is reviewed , and the shortcomings are pointed out .
It is suggested that the special chapter on juvenile delinquency should be set up in the criminal law of criminal law in China , in particular to improve the non - penalty system from the aspects of the concept of juvenile delinquency and the principle of punishment , and to establish the system of the elimination of minors .

The third part is the criminal justice policy of juvenile delinquency in our country . Through the description of the significance of establishing the criminal justice policy of minors , the author points out that the criminal judicial policy of juvenile delinquency in our country is embodied in two stages before and during the trial : the former stage has the policy of holding separately , using discretion , accepting the inquiry , the legal representative can be present and other policies , then comments on the criminal justice of the minor in our country , and points out that the criminal justice policy ( introducing the temporary prosecution system , the temporary judgement system and the community service order ) should be changed to the actual criminal justice policy .

The fourth part is divided into the criminal execution policy of juvenile delinquency in our country . The policy of criminal execution in our country is embodied in two aspects of supervision and supervision .
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D924.1

【参考文献】