论我国社区矫正实施中存在的问题与完善

发布时间：2018-09-11 20:09

【摘要】：随着人类文明的不断进步，各国刑罚制度也在变革中趋于科学合理，行刑方式进入宽缓化时代。我国自2003年开展社区矫正试点工作开始以来,经历了数十年的时间，社区矫正制度也在实践反复检验和理论研究发展的过程中日趋完善，正在逐步探索一条适合中国刑罚制度改革和发展的道路。2011年《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（八）》（简称《刑法修正案（八）》）正式确立了社区矫正制度的法律地位，开启了我国社区矫正制度建立和完善的新篇章。为进一步贯彻宽严相济刑事政策的实现和促进社区矫正工作的顺利进行，2012年2月，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部（以下简称“两高两部”）联合下发了《社区矫正实施办法》，在《刑法修正案（八）》的基础上，，对社区矫正工作进行了具体规定，司法部也于2013年1月29日在部务会议上审议通过了《中华人民共和国社区矫正法（草案送审稿）》。然而，现有的法律法规还是不能满足社区矫正工作的现实需要，在适用社区矫正、社区矫正执行和社区矫正监管等环节仍然存在缺陷，需要相关立法予以完善，以保证社区矫正的实施效果。本文旨在通过对社区矫正制度相关理论研究为基础，结合社区矫正工作在实践运行中的问题，阐述社区矫正制度实施的现状及其缺陷，并提出完善建议。社区矫正，即是以社区替代监禁场所，促使社区矫正对象能够在社会上接受矫治教育的刑罚手段，在行刑社会化、刑法谦抑性、行刑经济性等理论的大背景下，社区矫正成为了全世界各个国家刑罚制度改革和发展的重要内容。我国从2003年6个省市社区矫正试点地区到现如今全国范围内实行、从社区矫正规范性法律文件到社区矫正在基本法律中地位的确定，积累了丰富的理论和实践经验，社区矫正各项制度也从空白走向健全完善，但是相关制度还是不能适应复杂的社区矫正工作。一是社区矫正适用对象范围较小，社区矫正适用率低。二是社区矫正工作者队伍建设缺乏专业性且未形成科学管理体制。三是社区矫正经费管理体制缺失、经费来源单一、各地区社区矫正经费投入差距大。四是受我国传统重刑主义影响，公众对社区矫正认知不足，甚至产生排斥心理，不配合社区矫正工作，加上我国社区建设缓慢，社区基础设施管理环节薄弱，不利的矫正环境影响了矫正的效果。五是社区矫正庭前调查评估制度不成熟，对社区矫正对象的激励措施规定较抽象，可操作性差，社区矫正管理监督机制不健全。根据上述社区矫正实施中的现状和缺陷，笔者分别从社区矫正的适用对象、执行主体、经费管理、社区环境及社区矫正执行程序等五个方面对社区矫正制度提出了完善建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of human civilization, penalty systems in various countries tend to be scientific and reasonable. Since the beginning of the pilot work of community correction in 2003, our country has experienced decades of time, and the system of community correction has been improved day by day in the process of repeated testing and theoretical research and development. A road suitable for the reform and development of China's penal system is being gradually explored. In 2011, the Criminal Law Amendment (8) of the people's Republic of China (referred to as the Criminal Law Amendment (8) formally established the legal status of the community correction system. It opens a new chapter of the establishment and perfection of community correction system in our country. In order to further implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity and to promote the smooth progress of community correction, in February 2012, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, The Ministry of Justice (hereinafter referred to as "two high and two ministries") jointly issued the "measures for the implementation of Community Corrections", which, on the basis of the Criminal Law Amendment (8), made specific provisions on the work of community correction. On January 29, 2013, the Ministry of Justice also deliberated and adopted the Law of the people's Republic of China on Community Correction (draft). However, the existing laws and regulations still can not meet the practical needs of community correction work. There are still defects in the application of community correction, community correction implementation and community correction supervision, etc., which need to be improved by relevant legislation. In order to ensure the implementation of community correction effect. The purpose of this paper is to expound the present situation and defects of community correction system based on the theoretical research of community correction system and the problems of community correction work in practice, and put forward some suggestions to improve the implementation of community correction system. Community correction is to replace the place of imprisonment with the community, to make the object of community correction be able to receive correctional education in the society, under the background of the theory of socialization of execution, modesty of criminal law, economy of execution and so on. Community correction has become an important content of the reform and development of penalty system in every country all over the world. From the 6 pilot areas of community correction in 2003 to the whole country, from the normative legal documents of community correction to the determination of the status of community correction in the basic law, we have accumulated rich theoretical and practical experience. The system of community correction is also from blank to perfect, but the related system can not adapt to the complex work of community correction. First, the range of community correction is small, and the rate of community correction is low. Second, the construction of community correction workers is lack of professional and scientific management system. Third, the fund management system of community correction is missing, the source of funds is single, and the gap of community correction funds in different regions is large. Fourth, under the influence of traditional severe punishment in our country, the public has insufficient knowledge of community correction, even produces rejection psychology, does not cooperate with community correction work, and the community construction in our country is slow, and the management of community infrastructure is weak. Adverse corrective environment affects the effect of correction. Fifth, the system of pre-court investigation and evaluation of community correction is not mature, the regulation of incentive measures for community correction objects is abstract, the operability is poor, and the management and supervision mechanism of community correction is not perfect. According to the present situation and defects in the implementation of community correction, the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the system of community correction from five aspects: the applicable object of community correction, the main body of execution, the management of funds, the community environment and the procedure of community correction.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D926.8

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