志愿自由队:冷战初期美国利用逃亡者的特殊尝试

发布时间：2018-01-30 01:00

本文关键词： 逃亡者美国志愿自由队冷战艾森豪威尔　出处：《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了缓解美国军队面临的巨大压力,艾森豪威尔在就任总统后,特别提议招募来自苏东集团的逃亡者组建志愿自由队,在某种程度上代替美军执行对欧军事防卫的职责。为早日实现该设想,美国从国内和国际两方面展开了双重努力。然而,因冷战局势缓和的冲击,特别是受美国整体冷战战略转变的影响,再加之决策层人事变动干扰,组建志愿自由队的设想最终夭折,美国转而选择采取其他措施利用逃亡者来实现其冷战目的。通过分析志愿自由队这一"未成功实施"的案例,既向读者呈现了美国为赢得冷战所做的蓄意谋划,同时也部分展示了美苏冷战对抗的有限性。
[Abstract]:In an effort to ease the pressure on the American military, Eisenhower, after taking office, specifically proposed recruiting fugitives from the Soviet-East bloc to form a voluntary freedom team. To some extent, the United States has taken the place of the US military defense duties against Europe. In order to realize this idea at an early date, the United States has made both domestic and international efforts. However, the impact of the easing of the cold war situation has been felt. Especially under the influence of the overall Cold War strategic change of the United States, coupled with the interference of personnel changes at the decision-making level, the idea of setting up a voluntary freedom team was finally aborted. In turn, the United States chooses to take other measures to use fugitives to achieve its Cold War goals. By analyzing the case of "unsuccessful implementation" of the Voluntary Freedom Corps, the United States shows readers its deliberate plans to win the Cold War. At the same time, it also shows the limitation of the Cold War confrontation between US and Soviet Union.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学历史学系、周边国家研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“美国文化冷战与波匈事件研究”(16CSS031)和国家社会科学基金特别委托项目“中国周边国家对华关系档案收集及历史研究”(15@ZH009)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D871.2
【正文快照】： 自冷战开始以来,美苏双方都试图利用可以获取的各种资源来谋求掌握冷战的主动权。对美国方面而言,大批来自苏东集团的逃亡者(1)为其提供了一种对手难以获取的独特资源,而美国自身亦积极采取多种措施对之加以利用。以往学者们在研究该论题时,多偏向于从心理战或情报战角度进行

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