北爱尔兰女性政治研究：历史视角与政治启示

发布时间：2018-02-01 16:09

本文关键词： 北爱尔兰女性政治女性政治参与中国启示　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：女性的数量占世界人口的一半多,但是女性参政率却仅有22.6%,而女性的政治参与不仅可以体现真正意义的性别平等,维护女性权益,更能有效的利用女性的优势资源,及其与男性不同的社会视角去实现全社会的公共福祉,这也意味着女性的政治参与不仅仅局限于女性在政府、国家职能部门中担任重要职位,还是女性通过各种渠道和方式勇于承担更加广泛的社会责任的表现,因此,发展女性政治,提高女性政治参与率,实现政治参与中的性别平等,已成为世界各国政府及各国际组织的核心目标。北爱尔兰(以下简称"北爱")复杂的民族、宗教及主权问题导致了长达30年的民族冲突,在传统政治宗教文化及战争的多重作用下,北爱形成了根深蒂固的男权社会。1998年的《北爱尔兰和平协议》(Good Friday Agreement)不仅结束了北爱的多方冲突,更使北爱成为世界公认的和平解决民族冲突的典范。值得一提的是,女性不仅参与了复杂的北爱冲突,更推动了北爱和平进程的发展。所以,复杂的北爱问题凸显了女性在政治建设中(战争及和平)的重要作用,北爱女性用实际行动挑战了原有的性别文化传统,加之与其它生活在战乱冲突地区的女性相比,如南非、中东、波斯尼亚等,北爱女性参与政治运动的方式是相对温和的,是真正意义上的和平缔造者,这些使得北爱女性具有重要的研究价值。然而,男权社会却忽视了女性对北爱问题和平解决所做出的巨大贡献,提高北爱女性的政治参与已成为亟待解决的问题,更为重要的是我国的性别政治文化深受西方的影响,而且我国女性政治与北爱女性政治的发展面临相同的问题,这使得对北爱女性政治的研究可为我国女性政治的发展提供启示,当然,在这一过程中,中国性别文化的自身特点(如受中国传统文化及马克思主义女权主义的影响)也不容忽视。所以,本文依托目前发展女性政治的国际形势,以北爱复杂的政治问题为背景,借助女权主义对民族主义研究的理论视角,综合运用文献调查法、定量分析法、定性分析法与比较研究法,获取数据及资料,并以时间为基线,首先从历史角度论证女性对北爱社会发展的重要推动作用;继而分析当代北爱发展女性政治的措施、结果以及问题表现,进而分析制约当代北爱女性政治发展的障碍性因素;在上述分析的基础上,总结当代北爱女性政治发展的成功与不足之处及其原因,考虑目前各国发展女性政治的成功经验,对未来北爱女性政治的发展方向提供路径选择,再利用比较研究法分析北爱女性政治研究对发展我国女性政治的启发借鉴。最后,在结语中总结全文并阐述发展女性政治对社会可持续发展的重要作用。
[Abstract]:The number of women accounts for more than half of the world population, but the rate of women's political participation is only 22.6, and women's political participation can not only reflect the true meaning of gender equality, safeguard the rights and interests of women. More effective use of women's dominant resources, and its different social perspective with men to achieve the public welfare of the whole society, which also means that women's political participation is not limited to women in the government. It is also a manifestation of women's courage to assume broader social responsibility through various channels and ways to develop women's politics and increase the rate of women's political participation. Achieving gender equality in political participation has become the core goal of governments and international organizations around the world. Northern Ireland (hereinafter referred to as Northern Ireland) is a complex nation. The issue of religion and sovereignty led to 30 years of ethnic conflicts, under the influence of traditional political, religious culture and war. North Ireland has formed a deeply rooted patriarchal society. The good Friday Agreement of 1998 not only put an end to the conflict in Northern Ireland. It is worth mentioning that women not only participated in the complex conflict in Northern Ireland, but also promoted the development of the peace process in Northern Ireland. The complex issue of Northern Ireland highlights the important role of women in political construction (war and peace). Women in Northern Ireland challenge the original gender cultural tradition with practical actions. In addition, compared with other women living in conflict areas, such as South Africa, the Middle East, Bosnia and so on, women in Northern Ireland participate in political movements in a relatively moderate manner and are the true peacemakers. These make Northern Ireland women have important research value. However, the patriarchal society ignores the great contribution that women have made to the peaceful solution of the Northern Ireland problem. To improve the political participation of women in Northern Ireland has become a problem to be solved. More importantly, the gender political culture in China is deeply influenced by the West. And the development of female politics in China and Northern Ireland face the same problems, which makes the study of female politics in Northern Ireland can provide inspiration for the development of female politics in China, of course, in this process. The characteristics of Chinese gender culture (such as the influence of Chinese traditional culture and Marxist feminism) can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper relies on the current international situation of developing women's politics. In the context of the complex political issues of North Love, with the help of the theoretical perspective of feminism on the study of nationalism, comprehensive use of literature survey, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and comparative research to obtain data and materials. And take time as the baseline, first from the historical point of view to demonstrate the important role of women to promote the social development of Northern Ireland; Then it analyzes the measures, results and problems of the development of women's politics in Northern Ireland, and then analyzes the obstacles to the development of women's politics in Northern Ireland. On the basis of the above analysis, this paper summarizes the success and deficiency of the contemporary women's political development in Northern Ireland and its reasons, and considers the successful experiences of developing women's politics in various countries at present. To provide a path to the future development of female politics in Northern Ireland, and then use comparative research method to analyze the development of female politics in Northern Ireland for reference. Finally. In the conclusion, it summarizes the full text and expounds the important role of the development of female politics in the sustainable development of society.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D756.1;C913.68

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