我国城镇居家养老服务体系建设研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 05:13

本文关键词： 老龄化居家养老服务居家养老服务体系需求理性化　出处：《聊城大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自二十世纪末我国进入老龄化社会以来,老年人口增长速度逐渐加快、老年人口基数逐渐增大,并且空巢化和高龄化现象日趋凸显,与此同时社会上需要养老服务的失能和半失能老年人口数量也急剧增加,养老问题逐渐成为全国共同关注的社会热点问题之一。面对机构养老资源不足和家庭养老功能衰退的双重压力,我国开始试点并逐渐推广居家养老服务。居家养老服务是指政府和社会力量依托社区,为居家的老年人提供生活照料、家政服务、康复护理和精神慰藉等方面服务的一种服务形式。建设居家养老服务体系,一方面,有利于缓解养老服务供给总量不足的问题,有利于减轻社会老龄化带来的养老压力,有利于社会主义和谐社会的建设;另一方面,有利于提高政府对居家养老服务的管理效率,有利于创新服务内容和提高服务质量,有利于居家养老服务行业的健康发展。改革开放以来,我国政府出台了一系列有关居家养老服务的制度和政策,特别是新修订了《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》,明确指出要建立“以居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为支撑的社会养老服务体系”,这为我国城镇居家养老服务体系的构建提供了良好的法制环境。与此同时,我国政府加大对社区的改革和发展,并且十分重视社区在居家养老服务体系建设中的重要作用。居家养老服务的供给主体涉及家庭、社区、社会和政府四大方面,根据政府和其他供给主体在居家养老服务中的地位和作用的不同,目前我国居家养老服务模式大体可以分为三种:“政府主办、层级参与”模式、“政府主导,机构合作”模式和“政府购买、市场运作”模式。近几年来,这几种模式都在满足老年人养老需求方面发挥了积极作用,有力地推动了我国城镇居家养老服务体系的建设。但是,它们在建设过程中仍存在着一些问题,诸如,老年人对居家养老服务需求的缺乏足够的理性,政府制度建设滞后、财政支持不足和监管不到位,社区养老服务机构设施不健全和服务质量有待提高,社会民间组织和志愿者参与率低,等等。在借鉴新加坡、瑞典、香港居家养老服务体系建设经验的基础上,结合我国基本国情,本文提出了进一步推进我国城镇居家养老服务体系建设的四点建议:第一,倡导养老服务需求理性化,提供多样化的养老服务;第二,加强政策支持与资金扶持,完善法律保障和监督机制;第三,完善社区服务机制,加快社区设施建设;第四,鼓励社会参与,拓展居家养老服务体系建设。
[Abstract]:Since the end of 20th century, China has entered an aging society, the elderly population growth rate is gradually accelerating, the number of the elderly population is gradually increasing, and the phenomenon of empty nest and aging has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, the number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly people who need old-age services has increased dramatically. The problem of old-age support has gradually become one of the hot social issues of common concern in the whole country. Facing the double pressure of the shortage of institutional pension resources and the decline of family pension function, The government and social forces rely on the community to provide living care and domestic service for the elderly at home. A service form of rehabilitation nursing and spiritual comfort services. To build a home pension service system, on the one hand, is conducive to alleviating the problem of the shortage of the total supply of old-age care services, and to alleviating the pressure of the aged brought about by the aging of the society. On the other hand, it is helpful to improve the efficiency of the government's management of the family pension service, to innovate the service content and to improve the service quality, on the other hand, it is beneficial to the construction of a harmonious socialist society. It is conducive to the healthy development of the family pension service industry. Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese government has issued a series of systems and policies on home pension services. In particular, the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly has been newly revised, clearly stating that it is necessary to establish a "home-based and community-based" system. This provides a good legal environment for the construction of the old-age service system in cities and towns in China. At the same time, the government of our country has stepped up the reform and development of the community. And they attach great importance to the important role of the community in the construction of the home pension service system. The main providers of the home pension service involve the family, the community, the society and the government. According to the different position and function of government and other providers in the home pension service, at present, there are three kinds of service modes in our country: "government sponsored, hierarchical participation", "government leading", "government leading", "government leading", "government leading", "government organizing" and "government leading". The institutional cooperation model and the "government purchase, market operation" model. In recent years, these models have played an active role in meeting the needs of the elderly for the aged. However, there are still some problems in the process of construction, such as the elderly lack of rational demand for home care services, and the construction of government system lags behind. Inadequate financial support and inadequate supervision, inadequate facilities and service quality of community pension services, low participation rates of civil society organizations and volunteers, and so on. On the basis of the experience of the construction of the home pension service system in Hong Kong and the basic conditions of our country, this paper puts forward four suggestions for further promoting the construction of the family pension service system in cities and towns in China: first, advocating the rationalization of the demand for the old-age care service. To provide diversified services for the aged; second, to strengthen policy support and financial support, and to improve the legal protection and supervision mechanism; third, to perfect the community service mechanism and speed up the construction of community facilities; and 4th, to encourage social participation, We will expand the construction of a home pension service system.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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