山西省城市机构养老供需问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 22:56

本文选题：机构养老 + 人口老龄化　；参考：《山西财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为最大的发展中国家，自1999年起，中国正式步入老龄化社会。据调查显示，2007年60岁以上老年人口比重已达11.6%，接近1.534亿。随着老龄化的加速，据测到2050年老年人口将达4.5亿，比重将达31.27%。这一庞大数据正反映了老年人群迫切的养老需求，他们亟需社会养老和社区服务，中国传统的居家养老模式正遭受着巨大的冲击。党的十八大提出加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设，努力使全体人民病有所医、老有所养、住有所居。而实现“老有所养”的要求，就亟需解决当前和今后不断扩张的庞大的老年人口的养老服务问题。由于社会形态及家庭结构的转变，传统养儿防老正日渐式微，转而要求政府和社会扮演更积极的角色，以提供或协助家庭照顾老年人。面对日益扩大的人口老龄化，要有针对性的对养老机构服务进行探索。近年来，针对国内机构养老模式，从理论和实践上都进行了积极的探索，为养老机构服务的发展提供了大量有益的经验。但同时机构养老在发展过程中也出现了许多问题，这也促使我们要更加重视机构养老的发展。本文以山西省城市机构养老的供需问题作为研究课题，在研究机构养老相关理论的基础上，通过走访和问卷调查的形式，实地考察了运城市阳光老年公寓等三家养老机构，通过对入住在养老机构中的200名老人进行问卷调查访问，了解当前养老机构服务的供给现状和老年人的需求现状，并分析造成供求矛盾的原因，最后根据这些问题和原因，从政策、法规、观念、服务等方面提出相应的建议。通过调查，我们发现山西省机构养老普遍存在以下一些问题：一是入住需求与床位供给能力之间的差距；二是养老机构的服务水平不高；三是山西省城市机构养老缺乏行业标准及有效监管；四是老年人的收入水平与养老机构收费之间存在差距。在深入分析了造成供求不平衡的影响因素后，针对这些问题，我们提出了以下几点建议：一是制定并落实相关的机构养老政策法律法规；二是加强机构养老的监管机制；三是加强机构养老的专业化服务水平，保证服务质量。希望这些建议能够完善山西省机构养老服务，使其进一步得到发展。尽管目前养老机构在发展过程中还存在着一些问题，但随着政府及社会各界的重视和帮助，机构养老服务的发展相信会日臻完善，，越来越满足老年人的养老需求。
[Abstract]:As the largest developing country, China has formally stepped into an aging society since 1999. According to the survey, the proportion of the elderly over 60 reached 11. 6 in 2007, close to 153.4 million. With the acceleration of aging, it is estimated that by 2050, the elderly population will reach 450 million, the proportion will reach 31.27. The huge data reflects the urgent needs of the elderly, who desperately need social care and community services, and the traditional home pension model in China is suffering a huge impact. The 18th National Congress of the Party proposed to speed up the social construction focusing on improving the people's livelihood, and strive to make the whole people ill, secure and live. However, it is urgent to solve the problem of pension service for the large elderly population, which is expanding constantly in the future and needs to be solved to realize the requirement of the "sense of security". As a result of changes in social formation and family structure, the tradition of raising children and preventing old age is declining and requires the government and society to play a more active role in providing or assisting families to take care of the elderly. In the face of the growing population aging, we should explore the services of pension institutions. In recent years, both theoretical and practical researches have been carried out on the pattern of old-age pension in China, which has provided a lot of beneficial experience for the development of the service of pension institutions. But at the same time, there are many problems in the development of institutional pension, which urges us to pay more attention to the development of institutional pension. In this paper, the supply and demand of urban institutions in Shanxi Province as a research topic, on the basis of the relevant theory of institutional pension, through the form of visits and questionnaires, three pension institutions, such as Sunshine elderly apartment in Yuncheng City, are investigated on the spot. Through the questionnaire survey of 200 old people in the old-age care institutions, we can understand the current situation of the supply of services and the needs of the elderly, and analyze the causes of the contradiction between supply and demand, and finally, according to these problems and reasons, Put forward corresponding suggestions from policy, regulation, concept, service and so on. Through the investigation, we find that there are some problems in the institutional old-age care in Shanxi Province: first, the gap between the demand for admission and the capacity of bed supply; The third is the lack of industry standards and effective supervision of the urban institutional pension in Shanxi Province, and the fourth is the gap between the income level of the elderly and the fees charged by the old-age institutions. After deeply analyzing the influence factors of the imbalance between supply and demand, we put forward the following suggestions: first, to formulate and implement the relevant laws and regulations of institutional pension policy; second, to strengthen the supervision mechanism of institutional old-age care; Third, strengthen the specialized service level of institutional pension, guarantee service quality. I hope these suggestions can improve the institutional pension services in Shanxi Province, so that it can be further developed. Although there are still some problems in the process of the development of pension institutions, with the attention and help of the government and all walks of life, the development of institutional pension services will be more and more perfect and meet the needs of the elderly more and more.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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