安倍政府对华政策转变及中国对策分析
发布时间：2018-07-14 14:55
【摘要】：从2006年9月首度出任日本首相到2012年12月的再次当选,两届安倍政府的对华政策发生了明显的变化。2006年9月,首次出任首相的安倍罕见的选择中国作为首访地并与时任国家主席胡锦涛就共同构建"战略互惠关系"达成一致,从而缓和了因其前任小泉纯一郎参拜靖国神社而恶化的中日关系,但由于参议院选举失利以及个人健康原因,在出任首相不到一年的情况下,便辞去职务,草草结束其第一任期。在经历了首相频繁更迭以及民主党执政之后,安倍于2012年12月率领自民党以压倒性优势重回首相宝座。再次当选首相后,安倍政府对华态度趋于强硬,以提出"价值观外交"为契机,编织对华包围网,其制衡中国意图明显。同时,两届安倍政府期间也可谓是多事之秋,发生了一系列对中日关系产生重要影响的事件,结合这些事件,我们可以寻找到推动安倍政府对华政策发生转变的一些深层次的原因。对于两届安倍政府在对华政策上的明显不同,从东北亚权力结构来看,首先,以2008年金融危机为分界点,中美权力的转移给美日同盟带来了深刻的变化,美国期待日本在亚太地区发挥更积极作用,而这也刚好符合安倍政府制衡中国的企图。其次,中日权力的结构性变化给中日关系带来了波动,使得日本政府和民众在对华认知上发生错位,不能以平常心正确看待中国的崛起,这也成为导致安倍政府对华强硬政策的一个重要推手。从日本国内以及安倍个人因素来看,安倍长期且强势政权的成立以及中日经济相互依存上产生的变化,使得安倍政府在对华政策制定上更加固执,难以执行对华务实的外交政策。另外,由于外部环境的不同以及安倍本身所具有的鹰派以及右倾化的外交理念,这也决定了第二届安倍政府时期的对华政策趋于强硬。基于以上原因分析,提出中国相应的对策:中国需要注意到中美关系对中日关系的影响,因此中国需要积极与美构建超越权力转移的"不冲突、不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢"的新型大国关系,以更好的稳定中日关系。同时,大力推进"一带一路"建设,倡导和周边以及"一带一路"沿线国家的命运共同体意识,营造一个良好稳定的周边环境,扩大中国战略空间,增加安倍政府对华围堵、遏制政策的成本。最后,也要强化对日民间外交工作,增进日本民众对华认知,减少对华误解,从而全面、客观、公正的看待并接受中国的发展,弱化中日权力结构性变化背景下日本对华崛起的疑虑。
[Abstract]:From his first appointment as Prime Minister of Japan in September 2006 to his re-election in December 2012, the policy towards China of the two Abe governments has changed markedly. In September 2006, Abe, the prime minister for the first time, has made a rare choice of China as his first visit and has agreed with then-president Hu Jintao to work together to build a "strategic and mutually beneficial relationship." As a result, Sino-Japanese relations deteriorated as a result of his predecessor Junichiro Koizumi's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine. However, due to the defeat in the Senate election and personal health reasons, he resigned from his post after less than a year as prime minister. To end his first term of office. After frequent changes in prime minister and Democratic Party rule, Abe led the LDP back to prime minister overwhelmingly in December 2012. After he was re-elected as prime minister, Abe's government became tough on China, taking the opportunity of "value diplomacy" as an opportunity to weave a network of encirclement to China, with a clear intention to counterbalance China. At the same time, during the two Abe administrations, it was also a troubled autumn, with a series of events that had an important impact on Sino-Japanese relations. In combination with these events, We can find some deep reasons for the change in Abe's policy toward China. With regard to the obvious differences between the two Abe governments in their policies towards China, from the perspective of the power structure in Northeast Asia, first of all, with the financial crisis of 2008 as the demarcation point, the transfer of power between China and the United States has brought profound changes to the US-Japan alliance. The United States expects Japan to play a more active role in the Asia-Pacific region, in line with Abe's attempt to counterbalance China. Secondly, the structural changes in power between China and Japan have brought fluctuations to Sino-Japanese relations, making the Japanese government and people misplaced in their perceptions of China, and the rise of China cannot be viewed correctly and with a common mind. It also became an important force behind Abe's tough policy toward China. From the perspective of Japan and Abe's personal factors, the establishment of Abe's long-term and strong regime and the changes in the economic interdependence between China and Japan have made the Abe government more stubborn in formulating its policy toward China. It is difficult to carry out pragmatic foreign policy towards China. In addition, due to the difference of external environment and the hawkish and rightwing diplomatic philosophy of Abe itself, this also determines that the policy towards China during the second Abe administration tends to be tough. Based on the analysis of the above reasons, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward: China needs to pay attention to the influence of Sino-US relations on Sino-Japanese relations, so China needs to actively establish with the United States "no conflict, no confrontation and mutual respect" that transcends the transfer of power. Cooperation and win-win At the same time, we should vigorously promote the construction of "Belt and Road", advocate the sense of common destiny of the countries around it and the countries along the "Belt and Road" line, create a good and stable surrounding environment, expand China's strategic space, and increase the siege of the Abe government to China. Contain the costs of a policy. Finally, it is also necessary to strengthen civilian diplomacy to Japan, to enhance the Japanese people's understanding of China, to reduce misunderstanding about China, and to view and accept China's development in a comprehensive, objective and fair manner. Japan's misgivings about the rise of China against the background of weakening the structural change of power between China and Japan.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D822.331.3
[Abstract]:From his first appointment as Prime Minister of Japan in September 2006 to his re-election in December 2012, the policy towards China of the two Abe governments has changed markedly. In September 2006, Abe, the prime minister for the first time, has made a rare choice of China as his first visit and has agreed with then-president Hu Jintao to work together to build a "strategic and mutually beneficial relationship." As a result, Sino-Japanese relations deteriorated as a result of his predecessor Junichiro Koizumi's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine. However, due to the defeat in the Senate election and personal health reasons, he resigned from his post after less than a year as prime minister. To end his first term of office. After frequent changes in prime minister and Democratic Party rule, Abe led the LDP back to prime minister overwhelmingly in December 2012. After he was re-elected as prime minister, Abe's government became tough on China, taking the opportunity of "value diplomacy" as an opportunity to weave a network of encirclement to China, with a clear intention to counterbalance China. At the same time, during the two Abe administrations, it was also a troubled autumn, with a series of events that had an important impact on Sino-Japanese relations. In combination with these events, We can find some deep reasons for the change in Abe's policy toward China. With regard to the obvious differences between the two Abe governments in their policies towards China, from the perspective of the power structure in Northeast Asia, first of all, with the financial crisis of 2008 as the demarcation point, the transfer of power between China and the United States has brought profound changes to the US-Japan alliance. The United States expects Japan to play a more active role in the Asia-Pacific region, in line with Abe's attempt to counterbalance China. Secondly, the structural changes in power between China and Japan have brought fluctuations to Sino-Japanese relations, making the Japanese government and people misplaced in their perceptions of China, and the rise of China cannot be viewed correctly and with a common mind. It also became an important force behind Abe's tough policy toward China. From the perspective of Japan and Abe's personal factors, the establishment of Abe's long-term and strong regime and the changes in the economic interdependence between China and Japan have made the Abe government more stubborn in formulating its policy toward China. It is difficult to carry out pragmatic foreign policy towards China. In addition, due to the difference of external environment and the hawkish and rightwing diplomatic philosophy of Abe itself, this also determines that the policy towards China during the second Abe administration tends to be tough. Based on the analysis of the above reasons, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward: China needs to pay attention to the influence of Sino-US relations on Sino-Japanese relations, so China needs to actively establish with the United States "no conflict, no confrontation and mutual respect" that transcends the transfer of power. Cooperation and win-win At the same time, we should vigorously promote the construction of "Belt and Road", advocate the sense of common destiny of the countries around it and the countries along the "Belt and Road" line, create a good and stable surrounding environment, expand China's strategic space, and increase the siege of the Abe government to China. Contain the costs of a policy. Finally, it is also necessary to strengthen civilian diplomacy to Japan, to enhance the Japanese people's understanding of China, to reduce misunderstanding about China, and to view and accept China's development in a comprehensive, objective and fair manner. Japan's misgivings about the rise of China against the background of weakening the structural change of power between China and Japan.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D822.331.3
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