中亚地区水资源问题:美国的认知、介入与评价

发布时间：2018-07-21 10:38

【摘要】：地区水资源问题是美国对中亚外交的议题之一。美国对中亚地区水资源问题的认知主要有:公平的水使用与水保障是人的基本权利,水短缺或不合理的水使用涉及环境安全、农业安全、粮食安全。美国对地区水事务的关注属于水伙伴关系范畴,而防止水冲突与水战争符合美国预防性外交理念,跨界水资源管理和水共享则符合推进地方治理与全球治理的理念。在此认知之上,美国对中亚地区水资源问题的介入途径和内容主要有,促进跨境水资源及水能管理与分享。提供资金与设备改善地区生活用水和农业用水情况。传播美国的技术、经验,推动科学研究,以提高地区内的认识水平与合作意愿,同时展示美国先进技术对水管理效率的提升,并介绍美国的水共享管理经验。从主动与被动角度来看,更多的是美国联合其他组织和机构共同推动中亚地区各种水资源问题的解决,各国扮演被动接受角色。从主观与客观角度来看,对水资源问题的介入是美国中亚总体战略的组成部分,与对各国的价值观输出和"民主改造"结合在一起,客观上是美国人道主义援助的一种体现,增加了美国在地区事务上的参与度与话语权。从目标与结果来看,美国持续性的关注与投入,尽管也取得了一定的效果,但并没有明显改善或解决地区内的各种水资源问题。
[Abstract]:The issue of regional water resources is one of the issues in US diplomacy towards Central Asia. America's understanding of water resources in Central Asia mainly includes: equitable water use and water security are the basic rights of human being. Water shortage or unreasonable water use involves environmental security, agricultural security and food security. The concern of the United States on regional water affairs belongs to the water partnership, while the prevention of water conflicts and water wars are in line with the American concept of preventive diplomacy, while transboundary water resources management and water sharing are in line with the concepts of advancing local and global governance. On the basis of this cognition, the approaches and contents of American intervention in water resources problems in Central Asia mainly include promoting cross-border water resources and water energy management and sharing. To provide funds and equipment to improve water use in the area and in agriculture. To disseminate American technology and experience and promote scientific research in order to raise the level of understanding and willingness to cooperate in the region, to demonstrate the improvement of water management efficiency by advanced technology in the United States, and to introduce the experiences of water sharing management in the United States. From the active and passive point of view, the United States and other organizations and institutions jointly promote the solution of various water resources problems in Central Asia, and countries play a passive acceptance role. From a subjective and objective point of view, the involvement in water resources issues is an integral part of the overall strategy of the United States in Central Asia, and combined with the export of values to various countries and the "democratic transformation", it is objectively a manifestation of the United States' humanitarian assistance. Increased U. S. participation and voice in regional affairs. In terms of objectives and results, the sustained attention and investment of the United States, although it has also achieved certain results, has not significantly improved or solved various water resources problems in the region.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所俄罗斯外交研究室;
【分类号】：D836;D871.2

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