我国不同层次老年人的养老需求及对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 16:13

【摘要】：人口老龄化的加剧促使中国老龄时代的提前到来,愈发严重的老龄化形势让养老问题成为了当下学者研究的热门课题,也将大众对养老需求的关注提升到了一个新的顶点,如何真正实现老有所养并积极推动健康老龄化成为我们急需解决的问题。老年人的养老需求是共性与差异性的统一,养老需求的多样性源于不同层次的老年人在职业、收入、社会地位等方面的差异。社会分层现象的存在不能再将居民的养老需求当做统一同质的需求,处于不同阶层老年人的养老需求存在很大的异质性,研究老年群体的养老需求对于完善我国整体社会养老服务体系起着引导性的作用。因此,立足于社会分层的角度,研究不同层次老年人的养老需求并提出相应的对策建议是本文研究的重点。本文从需求层次理论和社会分层理论出发,运用相关理论和知识分析了我国老年人口的特点、现状及分层的标准和必要性,并且根据老年人退休前的职业特点对老年群体内部进行了分层,依次划分为老年工人阶层、老年干部阶层、老年知识分子阶层以及老年农民阶层。不同层次的老年人在养老需求方面呈现出多样化的特点,对物质、医疗服务、精神文化等方面也提出了不同的要求。发达国家在养老服务方面具备完善的经验,针对不同层次的老年人也有完整的养老服务体系。在借鉴发达国家先进经验的基础上,结合我国目前养老服务的现状,分别从政府、财政、专业人才队伍建设等方面提出针对性的政策建议,为解决养老需求问题和完善社会养老制度提供进一步的参考。
[Abstract]:The aggravation of the aging population makes the aging age of China come ahead of schedule. The increasingly serious aging situation makes the problem of the aged become a hot topic for the scholars at present, and it also raises the public's concern about the demand for the aged to a new peak. How to realize a sense of security and actively promote healthy aging has become an urgent problem for us to solve. The demand for the aged is the unity of commonness and difference. The diversity of the demand for the aged originates from the differences in occupation, income and social status of the elderly at different levels. The existence of the phenomenon of social stratification can no longer regard the residents' demand for the aged as uniform and homogeneous, and there is a great heterogeneity in the demand for the aged in different classes. The study of the old-age demand plays a leading role in perfecting the whole social pension service system in China. Therefore, from the perspective of social stratification, it is the focus of this paper to study the old-age needs of the elderly at different levels and to put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Based on the theory of hierarchy of needs and the theory of social stratification, this paper analyzes the characteristics, present situation, standards and necessity of stratification of the elderly population in China by using relevant theories and knowledge. And according to the occupational characteristics of the elderly before retirement, the elderly groups are divided into the old workers, the senior cadres, the old intellectuals and the old peasants. The elderly at different levels have diversified characteristics in the demand for the aged, and have put forward different demands on material, medical service, spiritual culture and so on. Developed countries have perfect experience in the field of pension services, and also have a complete pension service system for the elderly at different levels. On the basis of drawing lessons from the advanced experiences of developed countries and combining the current situation of our country's old-age care service, we separately put forward targeted policy recommendations from the government, finance, construction of professional personnel and so on. To solve the problem of pension demand and improve the social pension system to provide further reference.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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