社区主导、多元主体协同参与:转型期农村居家养老模式的路径探讨与完善对策

发布时间：2018-11-09 09:55

【摘要】：农村人口快速老龄化与城镇化背景下农村家庭结构的微型化与老年人独居与空巢化,传统的家庭养老面临严峻挑战,发展居家养老服务成为理性选择。以往对居家养老服务的研究集中关注政府与社会组织的功能,忽视了对社区作用的探讨。本文运用社区主位视角分析了上海松江的以社区为主体,社区、政府、社会组织多元主体合作配合与协同参与的农村居家养老服务体系。这一模式具有从养老服务需求者的角度提供养老服务,提高了养老资源的使用效率与服务质量,实现了对社区内部、政府与社会的养老资源的优化整合,理顺了社区、政府与社会组织的关系,有利于多元主体的协同参与等比较优势。针对农村居家养老服务运作中存在的不足,需要从落实与完善相关法律制度、为农村居家养老服务发展提供制度保障、发展壮大村级集体经济、强化政府与社会组织的资金支持、为老年人提供高品质的养老服务、社区组织工作人员转变观念、树立服务意识、加强对居家养老服务员的技能培训、提升服务质量等几个方面予以完善。城镇化背景下社区主位的农村居家养老服务体系建设对于外部资源稀缺的中西部村庄有着一定的借鉴与参考意义。
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid aging of rural population and urbanization, the miniaturization of rural family structure and the old people living alone and empty nest, the traditional family pension is facing severe challenges, the development of home care services has become a rational choice. Previous studies focused on the functions of the government and social organizations, ignoring the role of the community. From the perspective of community theme, this paper analyzes the rural home pension service system in Songjiang, Shanghai, in which the community is the main body, the community, the government and the social organization cooperate and cooperate with each other. This model can provide the old-age service from the angle of the old-age service demanders, improve the utilization efficiency and service quality of the old-age resources, realize the optimization and integration of the endowment resources within the community, the government and the society, and straighten out the community. The relationship between government and social organization is beneficial to the comparative advantage of multiple subjects. In view of the shortcomings in the operation of the rural home pension service, it is necessary to implement and perfect the relevant legal system, to provide the system guarantee for the development of the rural home pension service, and to develop and strengthen the village collective economy. Strengthen the financial support of government and social organizations to provide high-quality old-age care services for the elderly, community organization staff to change ideas, establish a sense of service, strengthen the skills of home care staff training. Improve service quality and other aspects to be improved. Under the background of urbanization, the construction of the rural home pension service system in the background of urbanization has certain reference and reference significance for the villages in the central and western regions where the external resources are scarce.
【作者单位】：武汉大学社会学系;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“完善基层社会治理机制研究”(编号:14JZD030)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D669.6

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