老挝中央与地方关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 10:38

本文关键词： 权力利益中央与地方关系制度化　出处：《云南大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1975年新老挝成立后至1991年的时间内,老挝中央与地方关系长期在不合理状态下运行,中央集权与地方分权的矛盾始终没有很好地解决。1991年8月14日,《老挝人民民主共和国宪法》的这部宪法通过,并在1991年8月15日颁布实施。初步确定中央与地方政府的地位和职能、职权、组织机构和工作原则等,经过改革,老挝中央与地方关系得到了一定程度的调整与完整,但如何从老挝本国实际出发并依循当代政治文明与行政管理的规律性要求构建与老挝现代化建设要求相适应的中央与地方关系却依然成为老挝当前亟需解决的现实性问题。在老挝革新开放的不断深入以及现代化建设各项事业的蓬勃开展的背景之下,深入系统地研究中央与地方关系,不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且具有十分紧迫的现实意义,主要表现为：(1)透过对老挝的历史考察可以发现,中央与地方政府关系在老挝千年的历史时期中长期纠葛不清,成为了决定历代王朝兴衰更迭的重要因素之一。如何从现代性的角度来厘清中央与地方关系,回答历史疑问,破解历史困局,为现代老挝构建一个合理的中央与地方关系的架构就具有重要的历史意义(2)革新开放以后,随着老挝经济与社会的不断发展,地方政府自主性不断提升,然后受制于中央与地方关系的历史惯性的制约,在现实利益的驱动下,中央与地方关系日趋紧张。当前为如何有效舒缓既存的“央地矛盾”,减少“耗损”,充分调动两者在老挝现代化建设中的积极性这一问题寻求答案就凸显了较强的现实性。(3)为了适应革新开放不断深化的需求,在2012年2月老共六届三中全会上,老挝中央政府在不影响自身权威、不影响中央对地方有效的政治控制的前提下,为适应经济和社会发展的需要,试行向地方政府下放部分政治和经济权力,颁布“三个建设”方针、政策。总之,一个国家或王朝的盛衰兴亡都直接与中央与地方有着密切联系,当中央与地方关系比较协调时,这个社会发展就比较强盛；而当中央与地方之间相互矛盾对抗时,这个社会的发展就会受到阻碍。老挝人民民主共和国在1986年开始革新开放至今,原有的中央集权体制的一些弊端便不断暴露出来,例如严重的官僚作风、办事效率低、地方政府缺乏积极性、中央政府什么都管但管不好、责任互拖等等,这些都严重地阻碍了老挝经济社会的发展。因此本文将在对马克思主义经典作家关于社会主义国家中央与地方关系相关论述进行回顾的基础上,对老挝中央与地方关系进行历史沿革与现实问题进行分析,并通过对法国、英国、中国等国家中央与地方关系相关经验总结与借鉴的基础上,提出老挝中央与地方关系改革的目标模式与基本内容。
[Abstract]:During the period from the founding of the new Laos in 1975 to 1991, the relations between the central and local governments of Laos have been running in an unreasonable state for a long time. The contradiction between centralization and decentralization has never been well resolved. In August 14th 1991 the Constitution of the Lao people's Democratic Republic was adopted. And in August 15th 1991 promulgated the implementation of the preliminary determination of the status and functions of central and local governments, powers, organizations and working principles, and so on, after the reform. The relations between the central and local governments in Laos have been adjusted and integrated to a certain extent. However, how to construct the relationship between the central and local government, which is suitable for the modernization of Laos, based on the reality of Laos and in accordance with the regular requirements of contemporary political civilization and administration, has still become the current situation that Laos urgently needs to solve. Under the background of the deepening of Laos' innovation and opening up and the vigorous development of various undertakings of modernization construction. The deep and systematic study of the relationship between the central and local governments is not only of great theoretical significance, but also of urgent practical significance, which is mainly manifested in the historical investigation of Laos. The relationship between the central government and the local government has not been clear in the history of Laos for a long time, which has become one of the important factors that determine the rise and fall of dynasties. How to clarify the relationship between central and local from the perspective of modernity. It is of great historical significance to answer historical questions, to solve historical difficulties and to construct a reasonable framework for central and local relations in modern Laos. (2) after the reform and opening up. With the development of Lao economy and society, the autonomy of local government has been improved, and then restricted by the historical inertia of the relationship between central and local, driven by the real interests. Relations between the central and local authorities are becoming increasingly tense. At present, how to effectively relieve the existing "central and local contradictions" and reduce "wear and tear". Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of both in the Lao modernization drive to find an answer to this question highlights the strong reality.) in order to adapt to the deepening needs of innovation and opening up. In February 2012, at the third Plenary session of the sixth Central Committee of the Lao people's Republic of China, the Lao Central Government, on the premise of not affecting its own authority or the central government's effective political control over the local authorities, adapted to the needs of economic and social development. Pilot decentralization of political and economic power to local governments, promulgate "three construction" principles and policies. In short, the rise and fall of a country or dynasty are directly related to the central and local governments, when the central and local relations are more coordinated, this social development is relatively strong; The development of this society will be hampered when the central and local governments are in conflict with each other. The Lao people's Democratic Republic has been innovating and opening up since 1986. Some of the drawbacks of the old centralized system are constantly exposed, such as serious bureaucracy, low efficiency, lack of enthusiasm on the part of local governments, the central government's control of everything but not good control, and the drag of responsibilities and so on. All of these have seriously hindered the economic and social development of Laos. Therefore, this paper will review the relevant expositions of Marxist classical writers on the relationship between the central and local governments of socialist countries. On the basis of analyzing the historical evolution and practical problems of the relations between the central and local governments of Laos, and through summarizing and drawing lessons from the relevant experiences of the relations between the central and local governments in France, Britain, China and other countries. This paper puts forward the target mode and basic contents of the reform of the relations between the central and local governments in Laos.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D035;D733.4

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