西方社会运动发生机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 09:07

本文选题：西方社会运动　切入点：社会机制　出处：《上海交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：西方社会运动可以说是资本主义产生和发展的伴生物，并在资本主义社会中得以延续和发展，成为资本主义社会大众政治诉求和参与的表达方式，追求各项权益和政治道德理想的抗争手段。西方社会运动的兴起和发展，对整个资本主义现代化建设、民主政治建设起到了很大的促进的作用（虽然在局部情况下，具有暴力性和破坏性），极大地改变了西方国家的社会结构和政治生态。对于正在进行的现代化和民主化建设的我国来说，跟踪研究社会运动的历史现象和当代形式，梳理社会运动的演化路径，促使国家和社会呈现良性发展，具有重要的现实借鉴意义。本文运用文献法、案例法和比较法对西方社会运动的发生机制展开研究，文章在西方社会运动研究理论的基础上，整合不同的理论成果，从静态和动态、宏观和微观的视角分析西方社会运动发生的社会机制、政治机制、组织机制以及对抗双方的互动机制，这些机制既包括促进的机制，也包括阻碍的机制，而且，这些不同机制的排列组合，将使得不同国家社会运动发生的情况存在很大的差异性。文章首先分析对社会运动对抗双方产生影响的社会环境机制，具体包括市场化的资本主义、技术化的工业主义、阶级化的社会结构和激进化的启蒙运动，使得社会运动双方都要对此作出反应和回应。此外，社会运动必然受到国家形成、转型、崩溃以及国家性质的影响，同时政治机会结构的开放和封闭、机遇和威胁以及国家权力机器对社会运动的治理能力和处理手法也深深地影响着社会运动的发生。不可否认，社会运动的发生还受其自身组织机制的影响，这些组织机制包括社会运动领导的团结和分裂情况，，现有组织的利用情况、社会运动参与者的动员情况，一方面要解决搭便车和机会主义问题，另一方面要做到广泛的资源动员、社会利用、居间联络和认同框架建构等；在新媒介时代，必须合理利用媒体的力量，通过媒体镜像展示和动员社会运动也是非常重要的一个环节。社会运动毕竟是对抗双方互动的一种社会现象，社会运动类型不同，招致的回应也就不同。在这互动过程中，本文重点论述了三类互动机制：合法性的确认和撤销、认同感的建构和解构、边界的激活和钝化，他们从或积极或消极方面影响社会运动。在互动过程中，社会运动的斗争手法的调整和创新，也对社会运动的兴起产生了很大的影响，在暴力破坏性的斗争手法之外，社会运动创新了请愿、游行示威、罢工和静坐等斗争手法，极大的缓和了斗争双方对抗的剧烈性，有利于社会运动的生存和发展。在斗争过程中，还有一个斗争周期现象，作为互动的结果，斗争周期的转化，意味着社会运动的兴起、衰弱或者消失的过程。文章的创新之处，在于对社会运动各自分化而互不联系的研究理论进行整合的基础上，从机制入手对社会运动展开研究，既分析了促进社会运动的机制，也分析了弱化或消解社会运动的机制，他们之间的交织演化对社会运动的发生和未来产生很大的影响。文章对社会运动的未来持谨慎的态度，社会运动的未来，既有可能扩散，也有可能消解；既有可能在外部或内部促进民主化，也有可能去民主化；社会运动的抗争既有可能温和化，也有可能激进化。这一切都取决上文章里所分析的不同机制的促进和阻碍的二重性，取决于诸种机制的排列组合的情况。
[Abstract]:Western social movement can be said to be associated with the development of capitalism and the creatures, and the continuation and development in capitalist society, capitalist society becomes mass political aspirations and participate in the expression, the pursuit of political rights and moral ideal struggle means. The rise and development of western social movement, the whole capitalist modernization construction, the construction of democratic politics played a big role (although with violence and destruction in the local case), has greatly changed the social structure and political ecology in western countries. For our ongoing modernization and democratization construction, historical phenomenon tracking study of social movements and contemporary forms, combing the evolution path the social movement, the state and society showed a benign development, has the important practical significance.
This article uses the literature method, case method and comparative method to study the mechanism of western social movement, based on the theory of western social movement study on integration of different theoretical results, from static and dynamic, macro and micro analysis from the perspective of social mechanism, western social movement of the political mechanism, organization mechanism and anti interaction the mechanism of both sides, both of these mechanisms include the promotion mechanism, including blocking mechanism, and the mechanism of these different combinations, the differences of social movements in different countries will make happen.
This paper first analyzes the social environment mechanism of social movement against both the influence of the market, including the technology of capitalism, industrialism, class of social structure and the radicalization of the enlightenment, the social movement of both sides to react and respond to. In addition, the social movement is bound by national formation, transformation collapse and influencing national nature, open and closed at the same time the political opportunity structure, governance ability and handling of social movement opportunities and threats and the state power machine is also deeply affected the social movement. Admittedly, influence the occurrence of social movement is also affected by its own organization mechanism, the organization mechanism including unity and the splitting of the social movement led by the existing situation, organization, mobilization of social movement actors, on the one hand to solve a ride and the main chance The problem of justice, on the other hand to do resource mobilization, extensive social contact and use, intermediary identity framework construction; in the new media era, must be reasonable to use the power of media, a link through the media image display and mobilization of social movement is also very important. After all, the social movement is a social phenomenon of mutual confrontation and the social movement of different types, cause response is also different. In the process of interaction, this paper focuses on three kinds of interactive mechanism: to confirm the legitimacy and revocation of identity construction and deconstruction, boundary activation and passivation, or from their positive or negative effects of social movement. In the interactive process social movement struggle technique adjustment and innovation, also had a great impact on the rise of social movements, in addition to violent destructive struggle tactics, social movement innovation petitions, demonstrations, strike And sit in the struggle way, greatly eased a violent struggle against both sides, is conducive to the survival and development of social movements. In the struggle process, there is a period of struggle as phenomenon, the result of the interaction, transformation of struggle period, means the rise of social movements, weak or disappear.
The innovation of the article is based on the integration theory of social movements and their differentiation linked to each other on, from the mechanism of research on social movement, analyzes the promotion mechanism of social movement, also analyzed the mechanism of weaken or eliminate the social movement, between them on the evolution of social movements occur intertwined and the future has great influence. The cautious attitude of the social movement in the future, the future of social movement, can be spread, there may be digestion; can promote democratization in external or internal, also be able to democratic social movement; struggle can moderate, have may radicalization. It all depends on the different mechanism of the analysis of the positive and negative duality, depends on the mechanism of permutation and combination.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D502

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