印度的少数群体分类及其权益保护

发布时间：2018-04-12 23:04

本文选题：印度 + 少数群体　；参考：《中央民族大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 印度跟中国一样是统一的多民族国家。但中国的民族分类在印度却不能流行。世界上的民族概念含义甚多，各国的定义不同，使用这个概念也各有特点。例如印度政府就不把国内的语言、宗教、民族、种族、种姓集团和部落等群体视为“民族”。正因为如此，我们在解释印度的情况下，反而不得不把这些群体都考虑在内。 1947年独立以来，印度的民族、种姓与宗教一直是世人，特别是中国学界和政界关注的问题。但由于其过于复杂，所以我们至今对此没有形成稳定、系统和贴近实际的看法。学界认识到印度是一个多民族国家，有印度斯坦、泰卢固等十多个主体民族；也有如桑塔尔、安达曼、卡西等十几个少数民族。尽管如此，印度政府却不认为自己是个多民族国家，而只承认内部有文化、宗教、语言、种姓和阶层等差异或多样性。迄今为止，，印度政府只把国民分为先进和落后阶层，多数群体与少数群体。少数群体大致相当于落后阶层：包括表列种姓、表列部落和其它落后群体。其中，表列部落的意义与中国的少数民族最为接近。少数群体的权益保护已成为当今世界最为重要问题之一。因此，本文在努力厘清印度人口分类的同时也注重印度少数民族权益保护方面的经验介绍和分析。本文由下列部分组成：第一章介绍目的和方法，包括前人成果综述第二章简介印度的历史地理和人文概况第三章介绍学界对印度人口的分类，再据此讨论印度主体民族和少数群体的构成和分布状况第四章讨论印度少数群体的形成背景和印度政府划分其国民的依据和结果第五章分析印度政府对少数群体权益保护政策及其作用第六章结论评价印度多元文化和谐发展的经验和成果本文采用民族学理论方法，结合历史文献资料，侧重跨文化比较和应用研究，旨在为中国深入了解印度做出些许贡献。由于本人没有到印度做实地调查，所以文中出现的缺点和错误还望读者多加指正。
[Abstract]:India, like China, is a United multi-ethnic country.But China's ethnic classification is not popular in India.There are many national concepts in the world. Different countries have different definitions and the use of this concept has its own characteristics.The Indian government, for example, does not regard groups such as language, religion, nationality, race, caste groups and tribes as "nations".That's why we have to take these groups into account when we explain India.Since its independence in 1947, the nation, caste and religion of India have been concerned by the world, especially the Chinese academic and political circles.But because of its complexity, so far we have not formed a stable, systematic and realistic view.Scholars recognized that India is a multi-ethnic country, including Hindustan, Telugu and more than a dozen ethnic groups, such as Santal, Andaman, Kasi and so on.Nevertheless, the Indian government does not consider itself a multi-ethnic country, but only recognizes cultural, religious, linguistic, caste and class differences or diversity within itself.So far, the Indian government has divided its citizens into advanced and backward classes, majorities and minorities.Minorities are roughly equivalent to backward classes: including scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward groups.Among them, the significance of tabular tribes and China's ethnic minorities are most close.The protection of minority rights has become one of the most important issues in the world.Therefore, this paper tries to clarify the Indian population classification, but also pays attention to the Indian minority rights and interests of the introduction and analysis.This article consists of the following parts:The first chapter introduces the purpose and method, including the review of previous achievements.Chapter II: a brief introduction to the Historical Geography and Humanities of IndiaThe third chapter introduces the classification of Indian population in academic circles, and then discusses the composition and distribution of the main ethnic groups and minorities in India.Chapter IV discusses the background of the formation of the Indian minority and the basis and results of the division of its nationals by the Government of IndiaChapter V Analysis of the Government of India's Policy to protect the Rights and interests of minorities and its roleChapter VI: conclusion Evaluation of the experience and achievements of India's Multicultural harmonious DevelopmentThis paper focuses on cross-cultural comparison and applied research by means of ethnology theory and historical literature in order to make some contributions to China's in-depth understanding of India.Since I did not go to India to do field investigation, so the shortcomings and mistakes in the text are expected to be corrected by the reader.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D735.1

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