合作主义从理念到制度：瑞典与新加坡福利制度比较

发布时间：2018-05-07 09:35

本文选题：合作主义 + 理念　；参考：《中共中央党校》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 本论文通过合作主义的框架对瑞典和新加坡两国的福利制度进行了比较分析。本文的中心问题是:在瑞典和新加坡福利制度发展的过程中,理念和制度之间如何达成动态的均衡,并进而促进利益各方在福利政策上进行持续稳定的合作? 本文认为,两国合作主义福利制度的发展与两国国家发展的核心理念具有不可分割的联系。瑞典的合作主义福利制度具有鲜明的“共识政治”色彩,“平等、团结、自由、民主”是其核心价值观。在这种价值观之下,瑞典劳资政三方合作具有明显的社会合作主义的特点。而相对于瑞典,新加坡的福利制度深受东亚儒家价值观的影响。儒家价值观中对“权威”的重视,精英主义、实用主义、以及“父权社会”意识都对新加坡的福利制度产生了重要影响。这也使得在新加坡的合作主义具有鲜明的国家合作主义的特点。本文认为合作主义福利制度的形成与发展关键在于四个方面。一、合作产生的前提——制度安排与核心理念的互补在合作展开的三个领域——社会、市场和政府中,体制性安排应当与第一领域即社会领域的核心理念实现互补。合作主义制度的构建需要强调第一领域的核心价值理念——团结。这需要从两个层面进行行动,首先,在整个社会层面,一种以团结合作为主旨的共识文化的营造是重要的。其次在制度的层面,那些为大多数人所需要的,容易引起拥塞和竞争的商品或服务,应当尽可能地从第二领域——市场领域转移至第一领域社会或第三领域政府可以介入的领域,以此减少对紧缺资源或服务的竞争性占有,促进社会连接的紧密、巩固团结的共识文化。二、缓冲区——合作必须重视和展开的区域劳资政三方合作的背后其实是社会、市场和政府三个领域之间的博弈。以孤立的眼光看,每一个领域所关注的核心价值是不一样的。社会关注“团结”、“公平”、“平等”,市场关注“自由竞争”和“效率”,而政府则关注“权威”。而成功的合作必须在三种价值取向之间构建一种均衡。这种均衡就产生于合作的灰色区域——缓冲区。在缓冲区内,主导价值取向存在矛盾的三个区域有了共融的机会。缓冲区内的各种组织为不同区域提供了沟通的平台,并提高了合作的透明度与可信度。缓冲区是合作必须重视和展开的区域。三、理念和制度之间的动态均衡是合作主义福利制度稳固发展的核心要义理念和制度之间保持动态均衡是合作主义福利制度稳固发展的关键所在。要将合作进行下去,一方面需要确保核心理念的主导价值是正向的,符合一国制度存在和发展的大背景;另一方面,需要确保政治精英能够以历史的视角来发展核心理念,并能够在关注社会现实的基础上做出有效的政治选择。瑞典和新加坡两国的核心理念与合作主义福利制度之间客观上达成了一种动态的均衡。一方面,两国核心理念的主导价值自始至终都在倡导一种“团结”、“合作”的价值理念。这种理念成为两国合作主义福利制度的合法性基础。另一方面,两国政治精英在内外压力之下所进行的改革在很大程度上是从“量”的方面对原有的合作主义福利制度进行改革,并没有深层次触动原有制度的合法性基础。四、合作必须注重的一个问题:劳资政三方的位势均衡在合作的过程中,作为合作的三方,劳资政的位势必须处于一种均衡的状态。这种均衡的状态首先意味着劳资政三方需要各司其职。作为协商、合作主体之一的政府必须能够确保为合作提供常规的制度支持,必须能够有效地发起合作并对合作的过程进行规制和督导。而作为社会一方,劳方组织和资方组织则必须遵循共同的谈判和协商规则,不逾矩,进行平和的互动。其次,有效合作的达成还意味着在社会层面上,劳方和资方组织的力量应当处于一种动态的均衡之中。任何一方力量的单方面势强都不利于合作的进行。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a comparative analysis of the welfare system of Sweden and Singapore through a cooperative framework. The central question of this paper is: how to achieve a dynamic equilibrium between the concepts and systems in the process of the development of the welfare system in Sweden and Singapore, and then to promote sustainable and stable cooperation between the interests of all parties in the welfare policy?
This article holds that the development of the two countries' cooperative welfare system has an inseparable relationship with the core concepts of the national development of the two countries. The Swedish cooperative welfare system has a distinctive "consensus politics" color. "Equality, unity, freedom and democracy" are its core values. Under this value, the Swedish labor and management three parties cooperate with each other. Marked by the characteristics of social cooperation.
Compared with Sweden, the welfare system of Singapore is deeply influenced by the Confucian values in East Asia. The emphasis on "authority" in the Confucian values, elitism, pragmatism, and the consciousness of "patriarchal society" have an important influence on the welfare system of Singapore. This also makes the cooperation of Singapore with distinct national cooperation. The characteristics of the doctrine.
This paper argues that the key to the formation and development of the cooperative welfare system lies in four aspects.
First, the premise of cooperation - the complementation of the system arrangement and the core concept in the three fields - the society, the market and the government, the institutional arrangement should be complemented with the core concepts of the first field, namely, the social field. The construction of the cooperative system needs to emphasize the core values of the first field - unity. To act from two levels, first of all, at the whole social level, it is important to create a consensus culture with a combination of regiments as the main purpose. Secondly, at the institutional level, the goods or services that are likely to cause congestion and competition for most people, should be transferred from the second field to the market as far as possible to the first. The domain society or the third domain government can intervene, in order to reduce the competitive possession of scarce resources or services, promote the close social connection, and consolidate the consensus culture of unity.
Two, buffer zone - a region that cooperation must pay attention to and expand.
Behind the cooperation between the three parties of labor and management is a game between the society, the market and the three fields of the government. In an isolated view, the core values of each field are different. The society pays attention to "unity", "equity", "equality", the market concerned with "free competition" and "efficiency", while the government is concerned with "authority". Successful cooperation must build a balance between the three values. This equilibrium is produced in the gray area of cooperation - the buffer zone. In the buffer zone, the three regions of the dominant value orientation have the opportunity to commune. The various organizations in the buffer zone provide the platform for communication in different regions and improve the cooperation. Transparency and credibility. Buffer zone is the area that cooperation must pay attention to and expand.
Three, the dynamic balance between ideas and systems is the core of the steady development of the cooperative welfare system.
Maintaining a dynamic equilibrium between ideas and systems is the key to the stable development of the cooperative welfare system. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure that the dominant value of the core concept is positive, consistent with the background of the existence and development of a country's system; on the other hand, it is necessary to ensure that the political elite can develop its nuclear perspective in a historical perspective. Psychologically, it can make effective political choices on the basis of paying attention to social reality.
There is a dynamic equilibrium between the core concepts of Sweden and Singapore and the cooperative welfare system. On the one hand, the dominant values of the core concepts of the two countries all start to advocate a kind of "unity" and "cooperation" value concept. This concept has become the legitimacy basis of the two countries' cooperative welfare system. On the other hand, the reform under the internal and external pressure of the political elites of the two countries is, to a great extent, the reform of the original cooperative welfare system from the aspect of "quantity", and it has not deeply touched the legal basis of the original system.
Four, a problem that must be emphasized in cooperation: the equilibrium of the three party in labor and management.
In the process of cooperation, as the three party of cooperation, the position of the labor and management must be in a balanced state. This equilibrium state, in the first place, means that the three parties in the labor and management need their respective responsibilities. As a consultation, the government of one of the subjects of cooperation must be able to ensure the regular institutional support for cooperation and the effective cooperation and cooperation. The process of cooperation is regulated and supervised. As a social party, the labor organization and the capital organization must follow the common rules of negotiation and consultation, and do not exceed the moment, and carry on the peaceful interaction. Secondly, the effective cooperation also means that the force of the labor and the capital group should be in a dynamic equilibrium at the social level. The unilateral strength of one side's power is not conducive to cooperation.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D753.2

【参考文献】