美国政治环境下的选择人因制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 10:47

本文选题：选举人团制 + 少数人总统　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国总统选举制度——选举人团制，是世界上非常独特的一种选举制度。同时，它也是美国政治中极富争议的话题。目前针对总统选举制度的争议主要源于在绝大多数州盛行的“胜者全得”制度。争议的焦点主要在于少数人总统的产生及各州利益分配之间的矛盾。目前，国外学者对于美国总统选举制度的研究主要围绕选举人团制度本身展开。大量著作从多角度深入分析选举人团制度的利弊。同时，学者与政治学家们也积极探讨针对现行总统选举制度的各种改革方式，，主要包括普选制、选区制和比例制，对各种改革方式的可行性及其可能产生的影响进行预测和分析。而国内学者主要从选举人团制度的起源及其发展历史探索其作用及局限性，预测未来改革趋势。本文尝试在美国政治语境下探讨美国选举人团制度，从它的历史渊源及发展演变探讨它的内在本质及其矛盾。总统选举制度不是一个孤立存在的个体，它的产生和发展与美国的政治环境密切相关。在开展这一课题时，本文力图摆脱对选举人团制度本身及各种改革方案的利弊分析，尝试从三个不同视角——联邦主义、两党制及美国社会种族多样性探讨选举人团制度长期存在的原因和必然性。本文将分为三个部分。第一章将概括介绍现行的总统选举制度，包括选举人团制度的起源、发展历史及现行的操作办法。第二章将讨论针对选举人图制度的各项争议，包括少数人总统的产生和各州利益分配问题。本文的第三章重点从三个角度讨论选举人团制度的所存在的政治基础。首先，本文从联邦主义角度出发分析选举人团制度存在的合理性。其次，文章从历史发展角度探索两党制对选举人团制度所产生的深远影响。从某种意义上说，两党制与选举人团制度相互依存，缺一不可。最后，文章从少数民族利益出发揭示选举人团制度存在的必要性。总而言之，本文力图说明选举人团制度是美国政治环境下平衡各种政治力量的最佳选择，它的存在意义重大。
[Abstract]:American presidential election system-the electoral college system, is a very unique election system in the world. It is also a controversial topic in American politics. The current controversy over the presidential system stems largely from the "winner all-win" system that prevails in most states. The main focus of the controversy lies in the conflict between the generation of minority presidents and the distribution of state interests. At present, the research of American presidential election system by foreign scholars mainly revolves around the electoral college system itself. A great deal of works have analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the electoral college system from many angles. At the same time, scholars and political scientists have also actively explored various ways to reform the current presidential election system, including the universal election system, the electoral system, and the proportional system. The feasibility and possible impact of various reform methods are predicted and analyzed. The domestic scholars mainly explore its function and limitation from the origin and development history of the electoral college system, and forecast the future reform trend. This paper attempts to explore the electoral college system in the American political context, and from its historical origin and development and evolution to explore its internal nature and contradictions. Presidential election system is not an isolated individual, its emergence and development is closely related to the political environment of the United States. In carrying out this subject, this paper tries to get rid of the advantages and disadvantages of the electoral college system itself and various reform programs, and tries to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the electoral college system from three different perspectives-federalism. The two-party system and the racial Diversity of American Society discuss the reason and inevitability of the long-term existence of the Electoral College system. This article will be divided into three parts. The first chapter will introduce the current presidential election system, including the origin of the Electoral College system, the history of development and the current operating methods. The second chapter will discuss the disputes over the electoral graph system, including the minority president and the distribution of state interests. The third chapter discusses the political basis of the electoral college system from three angles. First of all, this paper analyzes the rationality of the electoral college system from the point of view of federalism. Secondly, the paper explores the profound influence of the two-party system on the electoral college system from the perspective of historical development. In a sense, the two parties and the Electoral College system are interdependent and indispensable. Finally, the article reveals the necessity of the electoral college system from the minority interests. In a word, this paper tries to explain that the electoral college system is the best choice to balance all kinds of political forces in American political environment, and its existence is of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D771.2

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