日本近代民族国家意识的形成及其缺陷

发布时间：2018-07-05 05:32

本文选题：近代民族国家 + 明治日本　；参考：《东北亚学刊》2015年01期

【摘要】：日本近代民族国家理念的形成,主要缘于两个原因,一是西力东渐的强势压迫,催发了近代民族和国家意识的觉醒;二是幕末明治时期的社会精英和明治领袖对于西方先进文明和以近代欧美国家为代表的近代民族国家、以条约和国际法为准则的国际秩序的认同,激发了日本人建设统一的近代民族国家的欲望。但是,由于明治领袖欲借助天皇的权威统合国家的力量并施行国家的统一治理,所制造的国家神道和"一君万民"的官方意识形态,最终过于抬举了天皇的绝对权威而贬低了作为近代国家基体——"国民"的主体性,这种内含了负面元素的近代民族国家意识造成了日本从前近代的"王权国家"向近代民族国家转型过程中的不彻底性,也导致其整个理念与实践在一定程度上的缺陷。
[Abstract]:The formation of the concept of Japan's modern nation-state is mainly due to two reasons. One is the strong oppression of westernization, which prompts the awakening of national and national consciousness in modern times. Second, the social elite and Meiji leaders of the late Meiji period recognized the advanced Western civilization and the international order based on treaties and international law as represented by the modern nation-states of Europe and the United States. Inspired the desire of the Japanese to build a unified modern nation-state. However, the Meiji leader's desire to unite the power of the state with the authority of the emperor and to govern the country uniformly created the state Shinto and the official ideology of "one ruler and all people". In the end, he exalted the absolute authority of the emperor too much and belittled the subjectivity of the "nation" as the matrix of the modern state. This modern nation-state consciousness, which contains negative elements, caused the non-thoroughness in the process of Japan's transition from "Wang Quan state" to modern nation-state, and also resulted in the defect of its whole idea and practice to a certain extent.
【作者单位】：复旦大学日本研究中心;
【分类号】：D731.3

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