美苏民族融合范式之比较

发布时间：2018-08-27 06:47

【摘要】：作为当时资本主义阵营和社会主义阵营中的超级大国,美国和前苏联都是多民族国家,都追求民族融合这一终极目标。但是两国民族问题、民主结构、主流价值关于民族问题的理念,以及各自的民族政策都有着鲜明的特点,形成了迥然不同的民族融合范式。本文以文献研究为主,附之以通观比较的研究方法,试图通过对美苏上述有关民族问题的各方面之不同特点进行比较,根据两国所制定的不同民族政策,及其在制定民族政策时所依赖的政治、经济手段的不同,分析其在处理民族问题时理念、实践的差异以及政策得失,最终得出美苏之间不同的民族融合范式的差异,以之作为思考我国民族问题的借鉴。所得结论主要有:美国民族融合范式是指体现自由民主法治理念,将民族问题放在市场经济的制度框架中,主要依靠自由平等竞争去协调各民族的不同利益,进而达到各民族在同一个国家共同体内和睦相处的民族政策体系模式。美国民族融合范式的确立最终实现了美国国内“文化多元、政治一体”的目标。而苏联民族融合范式是指:指体现极权主义理念,将民族问题放在计划经济的制度框架中,主要依靠行政指令去协调各民族的不同利益,进而追求各民族在同一个国家共同体内和睦相处的民族政策体系模式。从根本上来看,该范式的形成是苏联在实践中扭曲了其所追求的共产主义理想造成的。苏联民族融合范式的确立使得苏联政府在很长一段时间内依靠权力的压制掩盖了各民族之间的利益冲突和矛盾,压抑了各民族的不满情绪,造成了各民族已然融合的假象。但是,一旦隐藏于表面之下的民族矛盾累积到一定程度,突破了苏联共产党组织架构所能控制的极限,苏联的领导层便无力应对,民族矛盾的大爆发最终摧毁了苏联。
[Abstract]:As a superpower in the capitalist and socialist camps at that time, the United States and the former Soviet Union were both multi-ethnic countries, pursuing the ultimate goal of national integration. However, the national problems, the democratic structure, the concept of the mainstream value about the national problems, and their respective national policies all have distinct characteristics, forming a completely different pattern of ethnic integration. This paper is based on the literature study, with the method of general comparison, and attempts to compare the different characteristics of the above mentioned aspects of the ethnic issues between the United States and the Soviet Union, according to the different ethnic policies formulated by the two countries. And the differences of political and economic means in formulating national policies, analyzing the differences of ideas, practices and policies in dealing with ethnic issues, and finally arriving at the differences in the different paradigms of ethnic integration between the United States and the Soviet Union. To think about our national problems as a reference. The main conclusions are as follows: the American national integration paradigm is to embody the concept of liberal democracy and the rule of law, to put ethnic issues in the institutional framework of the market economy, and to coordinate the different interests of all nationalities mainly by free and equal competition. And then to achieve the ethnic policy system model of each ethnic group living in harmony within the same national community. The establishment of the American national fusion paradigm finally realized the goal of "cultural pluralism and political integration" in the United States. The paradigm of ethnic integration in the Soviet Union refers to the embodiment of totalitarianism, the placement of ethnic issues in the institutional framework of a planned economy, and the coordination of the different interests of various nationalities by administrative instructions. And then pursue the national policy system model of each ethnic group living in harmony within the same national community. Fundamentally, the formation of the paradigm was caused by the Soviet Union's distortion of its communist ideals in practice. The establishment of the model of national integration in the Soviet Union made the Soviet government rely on the suppression of power for a long time to cover up the conflicts of interest and contradictions among the nationalities, to suppress the discontent of the various nationalities, and to create the illusion that the nationalities had already merged. However, once the national contradictions hidden under the surface accumulated to a certain extent and broke through the limits controlled by the Soviet Communist Party's organizational structure, the Soviet leadership was unable to cope, and the outbreak of national contradictions finally destroyed the Soviet Union.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D562

【参考文献】