从“政治机会结构”理论视角看土耳其“居兰运动”的发展

发布时间：2019-01-09 14:27

【摘要】："政治机会结构"是指能够改变社会运动参与度的政治环境,可用来解释社会运动形成的原因和发展方式。本文从"政治机会结构"理论的视角解析土耳其"居兰运动"的兴起、现状及其未来走势。在土耳其—伊斯兰"合一论"主导的政治机会结构下,"居兰运动"从"努尔朱"运动的一个分支快速发展成土耳其最具影响力的宗教团体。为了反抗凯末尔主义精英的压制,"居兰运动"又与正义与发展党(简称正发党)联手,在正发党执政初期协助其巩固执政基础,并努力扩大自身的政治机会空间。但随着世俗化力量被极大削弱,二者的矛盾冲突逐渐显现。对于自己被排斥在土耳其政治议程之外,"居兰运动"强烈不满,并将这种不满转化为一系列旨在颠覆埃尔多安政府的行动。埃尔多安政府则采取有力的反制措施,极大地压缩了"居兰运动"的机会空间,两者将围绕2015年土耳其议会选举展开激烈角逐。
[Abstract]:"structure of political opportunity" refers to the political environment which can change the degree of participation of social movements and can be used to explain the reasons for the formation of social movements and the way of development. From the perspective of the structure of political opportunity, this paper analyzes the rise, present situation and future trend of Turkish "Guilan Movement". Under the structure of political opportunity dominated by Turkish-Islamic "unity theory", the "Gulen Movement" rapidly developed from a branch of the "Nuerju" movement to the most influential religious group in Turkey. In order to resist the suppression of the Kemal elite, the "Gulan Movement" joined forces with the Justice and Development Party (AKP) to help it consolidate its ruling foundation and expand its own political opportunity space in the early days of AKP's administration. But as the secularization force was greatly weakened, the conflict between the two gradually appeared. The Gulen Movement is furious about its exclusion from Turkey's political agenda and has turned it into a series of actions aimed at toppling Mr Erdogan's government. Mr Erdogan's government, for its part, has taken aggressive counter-measures, greatly reducing the space for opportunity for the Gulen movement, which will face a fierce race over Turkey's parliamentary elections in 2015.
【作者单位】：北京外国语大学亚非学院;北京外国语大学国际关系学院;
【分类号】：D737.4

【参考文献】